| 3.2.3.1.2 |
Gender
of Personal Pronouns |
|
Personal
Pronouns in Hmar do not show any gender distinction. |
| 3.2.3.1.3 |
Case
of Personal Pronouns |
|
The
menifestation of various cases in respect of the personal
pronouns is not very stable. Generally the forms of the personal
pronouns listed above mark agentive. The same forms could
mark genitive as well; i.e. /ká lèkhàbù/
‘my book’ except that /ámà/ ‘his/her’ and /ánnì/ ‘their’ occur
as morphemic alternate to /á/ and /án/ respectively. The accusative
is marked slightly differently as under: |
| /kéi/
|
‘me’, ‘to me’ |
| /éi,
kéi-nì/ |
‘use’ |
| /í/
|
‘to you’ |
| /án/
|
‘to them’ |
|
|
|
The
Instrumental is uniformaly marked by {-in} as under: |
| /kéi-ìn/
|
‘by me’ |
| /kéi-nìn/
|
‘by us’ |
| /éi-nìn/
|
‘by us’ |
/ná -ìn
> nánín/
|
‘by you’ |
| /ámà-ìn/
|
‘by him/her’ |
| /ámà-ìn
> ámà:n/ |
‘by him/her’ |
| /ánnì-ìn/
|
|
|
|
|
The
ablative is marked by {-a} + post position /ìnth kín/;
the pp, however, could be optionally deleted. |
| /kéi-à
ìnthkín/
|
‘from me’ |
| /eínì-à
ìnthkín/
|
‘from use’ |
| /ná-à
ìnthkssín/
|
‘from you (sg.)’ |
| /nánì-à
ìnthkín/ |
‘from you (pl.)’ |
| /àmà-à
ìnthkín/ |
‘from
him/her’ |
| /ánnì-à
ìnthkin/ |
‘from
them’ |
|
|
|
The
locative, if required, is marked (i.e. when some personal
pronouns function as the locus of some action of some verbs
like ‘believe’, ‘having faith’ etc.) for all persons other
than 1p plural by the genitive forms followed by post position
/cu/
and locative marker {-ah} and both mean ‘on’. For 1p plural
the accusative form / eini/ is used. For example : |
| /kà
cúàh/ |
‘in/for
me’ |
| /éinì
cúàh/ |
‘in/on
us’ |
| /ámà
cúàh/ |
‘on
him/her’ |
| /án/ánnì
cúàh/ |
‘on
them’ |
|
|
|
| 3.2.3.2 |
Demonstrative
Pronouns |
|
The
demonstrative pronouns in Hmar could be listed as under |
| Singular
|
| /á/ |
‘it’ |
| /hí,
hìhí, híehì/ |
‘this’ |
| /só,
khá, khú, khí/ |
‘that’ |
|
|
| Plural
|
| /híhaíhì,
híehàihì/ |
‘these’ |
/sóháis ,
s hàis/ |
‘those’ |
/khá:hàikhà,
khúháikhà/
/khúohàikhù,
khúháikhù/
/khíekhàikhì,
khíháikhì/ |
‘those’ |
|
|
|
| 3.2.3.2.1 |
Demonstratives
as Attributives |
|
When
the demonstrative pronouns occur attributively they show repetitive
occurrence - once before the noun and then again after the
noun. |
| /hí
pén hì/ |
‘this
pen’ |
| /hí
lékhàbù hì/ |
‘this
book’ |
|
