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2.1.3.
Pronoun:
|
|
A
pronoun is the noun which ‘stands for’ some noun which was referred
to earlier, explicitly or implicitly in the context. A pronoun is
thus a noun substitute. There are five kinds of pronouns, i.e.,
(1) Personal pronoun, (2) Demonstrative pronoun, (3) Interrogative
pronoun, (4) Reflextive pronoun, and (5) Indifinite pronoun.
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| 2.1.3.1.
Personal Pronoun: |
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There
are three personal pronouns, viz., first person, second person and
third person. The first person refers to the speaker, the second
person refers to the hearer; and the third person refers to the
person or object other than the speaker and the hearer. The first
and second person are in constact but the third person may or may
not be in contact. Ther frist and second person pronouns are definte
but the third pronoun may be either definite or indefinite.
In the personal pronouns, there is masculine, feminine gender distinction
only in the person singular as given in the table below:
|
|
Singular |
Plural |
| First
Person |
mo~mi~ma |
ba |
| Second
Person |
ti~tu |
ci~co |
| Third
person |
so(mas)
sa (Fem) |
te |
|
|
| 2.1.3.1.1.
First Person Singular: |
|
The
first person singular pronoun has three allomorphs viz., mo, mi-
and ma, mi- occurs before -ya, allomoph of the nominative case suffix,
ma- occurs before -sa, an allomorph of the nominative case suffix
and before the dative case suffix-Ra and mo occurs elsewhere.
|
mo
ane yu: s
1
2 3 |
‘I am coming here’
1
3
2 |
mo
bunuRa ba:sus
1
2
3
|
‘I am living in the village’
1
3
2
|
mi-yaguliyo
bunit
1
2
3 |
‘I tied the sticks’
1 3
2 |
mi-ya
 o:Rpo
ginit
1
2
3
|
‘I caught the robber’
1 3 2 |
ma-sa
guliyo buniyu:s
1 2
3
|
‘I am tying the sticks’
1
3
2
|
ma-Ra
 olok
Ra:s
1
2 3 |
‘tell me a story’
3
1
2
|
|
|
| 2.1.3.1.2.
First Person Plural: -ba |
ba
ane ye:nes
1
2 3
|
‘we
are coming here’
1 2
3
|
ba
pari biyenes
1
2 3 |
‘we are going there’
1
3
2 |
ba-sa
tiRa skiyenes
1
2 3 |
‘we see you’
1
3 2 |
|
|
| 2.1.3.1.3.
Second Person Singular: |
| The
second person singular pronoun is ti. It freely varies with
tu, but tu is less frequent. |
ti paRiya:l
1 2
3 |
‘you are going there’
1
3
2 |
tisa
teRa skiya:l
1
2 3
|
‘you are seeing him’
1 2
3
|
|
|
| 2.1.3.1.4.
Second Person Plural: |
| The
second person plural pronoun is ci. It freely varies with co, but
co is less frequent. |
ci
paRi biya:len
1
2
3 |
‘you are going there’
1 2
3
|
ci
ane ya:len
1
2
3 |
‘you
are coming here’
1 2
3
|
cisa
teRa skiya:len
1
2
3
|
‘you are seeing him’
1
3
2 |
|
|
| 2.1.3.1.5.
Third Person Masculine Singular: -so |
|
so
gotaRa ha
1 2
3
|
‘he is in the house’
1
3
2
|
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