Cases: |
All
the case markers except genitive are post positions in Gilgiti.
In Giligiti, genitive plural ends in o:. In Brokskat, only the possessive
pronouns end in o. Most of the case markers in Brokskat are also
postpositions. The locative case markers is ro in Gilgiti and Ra
in Brokskat. The genitive marker in plural is o: in Gilgiti, which
is found in genitive pronouns in Brokskat.
|
Agentive
Case: |
Agentive
case is significant in all the Shina languages. The subject
of a transitive verb takes the agentive case marker though Gilgiti
has only one, viz., se and Brokskat has sa and ya in the present
and the past respectively.
|
Indefinite
Article: |
The
indefinite article e : k is one of the significant features of Shina.
In Brokskat, the suffix - k, a shortened form of e : k is added
to nouns (except proper nouns and pronouns) and adjectives. The
suffix - k is used with adjectives and nouns in Gilgiti.
|
Adjective: |
In
Shina languages, adjectives agree in gender and number with their
nouns but they do not declined for case. But they are declined for
case in Guresi and Drasi (Grahame Bailey). I Giligiti and Brokskat
adjectives are declined for singular gender and number.
|
Giligiti |
mishto
manuzho |
‘a good man’ |
mishte
manuzhe
|
‘good men’ |
mishti
chei
|
‘a good women’ |
mishte
cheiye
|
‘good women’ |
|
|
Brokskat |
|
Pronouns: |
|
|
Gilgiti |
Brokskat |
Ist
Person Singular: |
Nominative
Agentive |
ma
mase,mas |
ma
mo
masa mas |
IInd
Person Plural: |
Nom.Agent. |
beh
bese,bes |
ba
basa bas |
IInd
Person Singular: |
Nom.Agent |
tu
tu:se tu:s |
ti
~ tu
tisa ~ tis |
IInd
Person Plural: |
Nom.Agent.
|
tu:se
tu:s
ts oh |
co
~ ci
cisa ~ cis |
|
|
The
above chart shows the similarity in the pronominal forms in Giligiti
and Brokskat. |
Verb: |
In
Shina languages there are two tenses, viz., past and non-past. Gilgiti
and Brokskat also have the same tense distinction. According to
Bailey, the idea of passive is not well developed and the passive
conveys the conception of an intransitive or middle rather than
a true passive. The passive construction is not found in Brokskat.
|
Imperative:
|
There
is no distinction between imperative singular and imperative plural
in Brokskat and Gilgiti. |
Conjunction: |
Gilgiti
has two conjunctive particles, viz., neh and ga, so does Brokskat,
viz., u:a
and ga. The former used for the conjunction of phrases and sentences
and the latter for words. Brokskat thus agrees in many phonological
and morphological features as shown by its comparison with Gilgiti.
3. Earlier Works on Brokskat: In the Linguistic Survey of India
|