Account
of this language under the name ‘Brokpa : of Dah-Hanu’ as already
mentioned. Frederic Drew has given a brief account of the Brokpa
in his book "The Jammu and Kashmir Territories". There
are a few missionaries like Shaw and France who worked on this langauge
but their works are not accessible. Baileys Grammar of the Shina
language gives a good description of the Gilgiti language, which,
as shown above has many common features with Brokskat. 4. The Speakers
and the Data: Brokskat is spoken in and around the village
Garkhon of Ladakh district. Grierson has mentioned it as Brokpa
of Dah-Hanu. Dah and Hanu are two villages but in Hanu, there are
now only Ladakhi speakers and not Brokskat speakers. The term ‘Brokpa’
refers to the people and not the langauge. ‘Brok’ means ‘rock’ and
‘pa’ means ‘man’. The whole of Shin tribe in Ladakh including all
the dialect speakers mentioned above used to be referred to as Brokpa
by other people. But this term is now specifically used for the
people of Garkhon. Brokskat (‘skat’ means ‘language’) is the name
of their speech. Its speakers are mostly Buddhists. Their number
according to 1961 Census is 544. Now the number of speakers of this
language is approximately 2000 according to the informant. According
to their folk tradition, the Brokpas migrated originally from Gilgiti
about four hundred years ago and occupied the whole of Baltistan.
Later on, they moved to other areas. They were originally Buddhists
and some of them were later converted to Islam. Garkhon, which is
the biggest village where Brokskat is spoken, is situated in Central
Ladakh at the bottom of the Indus valley, which is a narrow rocky
gorge. It is about 70 Kms. North-East of Kargil. It is about 9000
feet above sea level and is the lowest and the warmest place in
the whole of Ladakh. There is less snow in this place in winter
and one can see green vagetation including apple, apricot and mulberry
trees, cereal plants and grape vines in the spring. There are other
Brokskat speaking villages like Darchiks, Chulichan, Gurgurdo, Batalik
and Dah around Garkhon within the radius of 15 Kms. There are other
names such as, Do:k skat (Do:k means a small hamlet on the top of
the mountain) and kyango to refer to the speech Brokskat. The
data were primarily collected from the imformant by the name of
Gulam Rahim who is 26 years old. He is a Muslim. He knows Urdu,
Balti and Ladakhi besides his mother tongue Brokskat. The data were
randomly checked with other speakers in the Garkhon village.
|
1.
Phonology |
The
Brokskat langauge has six vowel phonemes and thirtyfour consonant
phonemes. Each of the five short vowels have corresponding long
vowel and so length can be isolated and made a phoneme in this
language. The phonemes of this language are given below :
|
1.1.
Vowels: |
|
Front |
Back |
High |
i
|
u
|
Highermid |
e |
o
|
Low |
a
|
|
|
|
:(Length)
|
|
|
1.2.
Consonants: |
|
|
BI. |
DI. |
AI. |
Ret. |
PI. |
Vel. |
B. |
Vel. |
GI. |
Stops |
Vl.
Vl.Asp
Vd. |
p
ph
b |
t
th
d |
t
th
d |
|
|
k
kh
g |
|
q |
|
Affricate |
Vl. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vd. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fricative |
Vd. |
f |
|
s |
|
|
|
|
|
h |
|
Vd. |
v |
|
z |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nasal |
|
m |
|
n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lateral |
|
|
|
l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trill |
|
|
|
R |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Semi-vowel
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
y
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTE:
Bl. Bilabial, Dl. Dental, Al. Alveolar, Ret. Retroflex, Pl.
Palatel, Vel. Velar, B.Vel. Back Velar, Gl. Glottal, Vl. Voiceless,
Vd. Voiced, Asp. Aspirated.
|
|
|