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BROKSKAT GRAMMAR
N.Ramaswami

Account of this language under the name ‘Brokpa : of Dah-Hanu’ as already mentioned. Frederic Drew has given a brief account of the Brokpa in his book "The Jammu and Kashmir Territories". There are a few missionaries like Shaw and France who worked on this langauge but their works are not accessible. Baileys Grammar of the Shina language gives a good description of the Gilgiti language, which, as shown above has many common features with Brokskat. 4. The Speakers and the Data:  Brokskat is spoken in and around the village Garkhon of Ladakh district. Grierson has mentioned it as Brokpa of Dah-Hanu. Dah and Hanu are two villages but in Hanu, there are now only Ladakhi speakers and not Brokskat speakers. The term ‘Brokpa’ refers to the people and not the langauge. ‘Brok’ means ‘rock’ and ‘pa’ means ‘man’. The whole of Shin tribe in Ladakh including all the dialect speakers mentioned above used to be referred to as Brokpa by other people. But this term is now specifically used for the people of Garkhon. Brokskat (‘skat’ means ‘language’) is the name of their speech. Its speakers are mostly Buddhists. Their number according to 1961 Census is 544. Now the number of speakers of this language is approximately 2000 according to the informant. According to their folk tradition, the Brokpas migrated originally from Gilgiti about four hundred years ago and occupied the whole of Baltistan. Later on, they moved to other areas. They were originally Buddhists and some of them were later converted to Islam. Garkhon, which is the biggest village where Brokskat is spoken, is situated in Central Ladakh at the bottom of the Indus valley, which is a narrow rocky gorge. It is about 70 Kms. North-East of Kargil. It is about 9000 feet above sea level and is the lowest and the warmest place in the whole of Ladakh. There is less snow in this place in winter and one can see green vagetation including apple, apricot and mulberry trees, cereal plants and grape vines in the spring. There are other Brokskat speaking villages like Darchiks, Chulichan, Gurgurdo, Batalik and Dah around Garkhon within the radius of 15 Kms. There are other names such as, Do:k skat (Do:k means a small hamlet on the top of the mountain) and kyango to refer to the speech Brokskat.  The data were primarily collected from the imformant by the name of Gulam Rahim who is 26 years old. He is a Muslim. He knows Urdu, Balti and Ladakhi besides his mother tongue Brokskat. The data were randomly checked with other speakers in the Garkhon village.

1. Phonology

The Brokskat langauge has six vowel phonemes and thirtyfour consonant phonemes. Each of the five short vowels have corresponding long vowel and so length can be isolated and made a phoneme in this language. The phonemes of this language are given below :

1.1. Vowels:

  Front Back
High

i

u

Highermid e o
Low

a

 
   

  :(Length)


1.2. Consonants:

    BI. DI. AI. Ret. PI. Vel. B. Vel. GI.
Stops Vl.
Vl.Asp
Vd.
p
ph
b
t
th
d
t
th
d
    k
kh
g
  q  
Affricate Vl.        
       
  Vd.                
Fricative Vd. f   s       h
  Vd. v   z      
Nasal   m   n            
Lateral       l            
Trill       R          
Semi-vowel             y      

NOTE: Bl. Bilabial, Dl. Dental, Al. Alveolar, Ret. Retroflex, Pl. Palatel, Vel. Velar, B.Vel. Back Velar, Gl. Glottal, Vl. Voiceless, Vd. Voiced, Asp. Aspirated.


       

                                       

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