you |
will throw |
1 |
2 |
khos |
phača:in |
1 |
2 |
he |
will throw |
1 |
2 |
|
The forms such as
|
*chale |
chalba |
'abound ; teem' |
*zukpe |
zukpa |
‘bark (as a dog)’ |
|
are not accepted as grammatical.
|
3.2.2.2.
|
Aspect |
Unlike tense, aspect has nothing to do with the location of an
event in time, but with its temporal distribution or contour (Hockett
(1958:237)). Tense is a deictic category but aspect is not a deictic category.
Aspect is not relative to the time of utterance (Lyons (1968:315)).
|
3.2.2.2.1.
|
Durative |
The durative or progressive refers to an action that is in
progress in the past or present or future time.
|
The durative aspect is expressed by the marker en duk.
The present tense in durative is unmarked. Thers is no explicit marker to denote
present tense in the durative. The form duk may be considered as
equivalent to be in English used as auxiliary in expressing the durative aspect.
It occurs when the subject noun phrase is either second person or third person.
There is another form yot in Purki which is also used to express the
durative aspect. The form yot is used when the first perrson is
functioning as the subject of the sentence6. The structure of the verb with
durative aspect in present tense would be
|
|
|
{en} |
|
|
|
|
Vbr |
+ |
{
} |
+ |
duk |
+ |
Ę |
|
|
{ n } |
|
|
|
|
|
If the subject noun phrase is either second person or third
person and
|
|
|
{ en } |
|
|
|
|
Vbr |
+ |
{
} |
+ |
yot |
+ |
Ę |
|
|
{
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if the subject noun phrase is first person.
|
The past tense marker is -pin when we have durative aspect. -tuk
occurs as the future tense marker.
|
|
|
{ en } |
|
{duk} |
|
|
Vbr |
+ |
{
} |
+ |
{
} |
+ |
pin |
|
|
{ n } |
|
{yot} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ en } |
|
{duk} |
|
|
Vbr |
+ |
{
} |
+ |
{
} |
+ |
tuk |
|
|
{ n }
|
|
{yot
}
|
|
|
|
Present
tense
|
a |
yoenyot |
1 |
2 3 4 |
I am |
coming |
1 4 |
2 3 |
a |
čhenyot |
1 |
2 3
4 |
I am |
going |
1 4 |
2 3 |
a |
zbrinyot |
1
|
2 3 4
|
|