khelibo nimiti
tay l got hoday jayse |
| 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 |
| ‘go with her
daily for playing’ |
| (lit. play will
for he/she with always go past) |
|
1 2 3
4 5
6 7 8 |
| tay hozur nloy
nimiti tay kam harise |
| 1
2 3 4 5
6 7 8 |
| ‘he lost his job
because of his carelessness’ |
| (lit. he care not
take for he work lost) |
|
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 |
| moy nimiti kam
korise ‘worked for me’ |
| |
(iii) temporal
postpositional phrase
|
| moy dos bje
pora yeti rukhi ‘I am waiting here from 10o
clock |
|
se |
(lit. I ten time from here
wail is) |
| |
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 |
| moy phujr
pora sam tk yeti rukhise |
‘I waited here from morning till evening’, etc.
|
Whereas the
temporal and positional/directional postpositional phrases can be
treated functionally as adverbial phrases, postpositional phrase of
cause or purpose cannot be considered as adverbial phrase. Hence the
need to set up a separate category. We might now discuss the verb
phrases in this language, which subsumes most of the other phrases.
|
3.5.4.
|
Verb
Phrase |
The
discussion of the verb phrase in this section is restricted to the
occurrence of the nucleus verb with its satellites like:
Noun/pronominal phrase, adverb phrase, etc., as the various forms of a
verb including the tense, model and aspects, etc. were discussed
earlier (3.3.1 and 3.3.5). As such, the inflected forms of a verb and
the compound verbs, for the purpose of describing a verb phrase would
be treated as on par with the uninflected form of a verb. A verb phrase
(VP) in this language will have atleast a verb, i.e., a VP may be
realized by a single verb as in:
|
| may
jayse ‘I went’ |
In
addition, a VP may have one or more adverb phrases including a
Postpositional phrase as its constituents, as in :
|
moy
tat jayse
‘I went there’
moy tat aj jayse
‘I went there today’
moy heytu gorot jayse ‘I went to that house’, etc.
|
In
addition to the adverb phrases, a VP may have as its constituent, noun
phrases, showing certain types of case relations. For instance,
whereas, a NP with the sociative case relations1
can occur with a verb in both transitive and intransitive
construction, NPs showing accusative and instrumental case relations
can occur only with a verb in tis transitive construction and the NP
with the dative case relations occur only with the diatransitive verb,
as in :
|
moy
taylgot jayse
‘I went with him/her’
moy ekili lgot jayse
‘I went with Ekili’
moy ekili lgot mo so
khayse ‘I ate meat with Ekili’
moy moso knayse
‘I ate meat’
moy tak lathi lgot marise
‘I beat him with a stick’
moy tak ek lora dise
‘I gave him/her a boy’
|
When
a VP has two NPs, viz., nouns indicating accusative and dative case
relations, occurring with a diatransitive verb, (the last item in the
illustrative examples cited above), there is no fixed word order
between the two NPs, though both must be preposed to the nucleus verb,
however when both adverb phrases and noun phrases occur as
constituents of a VP, the adverb phrases are preposed to the NP, as in
:
|
syama joldi kitab porise
‘Shyama read the book quickly’
|
syama aj
dise ‘Shyama gave Sona the book todya, etc. |
The
structure of VP can now be stated schematically
|
VP®±adv.P2 +V |
A
major restriction in the operation of the above scheme is that NP2
would occur only with diatransitive verb and NP1
must necessarily occur with NP2. In other words
NP2 can only co-occur with NP1,
whereas NP1 can occur without NP2
in transitive constructions. A VP in this language will, thus, have a
total of six types of construction, viz.,
|
(i)
V alone
jayse ‘went’
(ii) adv + V
aj jayse ‘went today’
(iii) NP1+V
mo´so khayse ‘ate meat’
|
 +
V +
dise ‘gave a child to Rita’ |
(v)
Adv+NP1+V aj ritak lorake dise ‘gave a child
today to Rita’
|
1A noun showing local functions are treated as
functional adverb.
2The adverb phrase includes postpositional phrases and two
adverb phrases.
|
