| (iii)
Indirect object is used to denote relations also, as in- |
/dada/ai/ai /
|
‘I
call him elder brother’
|
|
|
| (iv) The intransitive
roots of landa-group when used transitively take the indirect object
as in - |
/landa-aiai/
|
‘I
laugh on him’
|
Whereas
/landaai/
|
‘I
laugh’
|
|
|
| (c) Restrictions
regarding the use of indirect objects: |
| (i) No passive
and reflexive stems take indirect objects. |
| (ii) No indirect
object is used in future in the intentional mood with /ta/ and in
the case of incomplete and indefinite past, as well as their corresponding
imperfects. |
| (iii) The
indirect for inanimate stands apart from the verb and is used with
postpostions. |
| (B)
Distribution of direct objects: |
| Direct objects are
used only with the verb functioning transitively. |
| (a) For inanimate,
the marker /e/ is used with the roots only in the indeterminate and
simple future. In no othe tense, the verb takes the marker for the
inanimate. However, absence of any pronominal object indicates the
presence of an inanimate object if the verb has taken the suffixes
for the transitive. As an object the inanimate is used singualarly
or collectively in the same manner. In optative mood inanimate marker
/e/ is taken before /k/ as in rimekae/ ‘let him lift it up’. |
| (b) Direct
pronominal objects are inserted in the verb in the following situations: |
| (i) Direct
object is inserted in the indicative mood or all the tenses except
incomplete and indifnite past, where objects cannot be an inanimate. |
| (ii)
In the indeterminate and simple future it occurs immediately after
the root and before the f.v.m. |
| (iii) In case
of definite present the object is included in the verb before the
tense marker /tan/. In all other tenses it occurs after tense-marker
and before f.v.m. |
| (iv) In such
imperfect tenses, the subject precedes /taiken/, the objects comes
first, the sujbect is added latter. |
(v) In the
intenstional mood, the direct object is infixed in between the marker
/ta/ and the f.v.m. as in -
akiriNtakoa
‘ I will sell them off’ |
| (vi) In the
optative, however, the direct object precedes the marker /k/ in indeteminate
and future as well as in all other tenses where the tense-marker is
taken, in which case the object is added to the tense-marker and before
/k/, except in definite present as stated above. |
| (vii) Inperative
mood takes the personal suffix for object either immediately after
the stem or after the tense-marker, if there is any. |
| III
Distribution of indirect objects with intransitive roots: |
| Indirect objects
generally stand apart from the verbal construction and takes postpositions
to denote the relation with the verb. |
| However, the indirect
objects may occur also in the verb with the same restrictions as mentioned
in the case of transitive verbs. |
| No passive or reflexive
formations take any indirect objects. |
| The intransitive
verb not occurring in indefinite present, incomplete past and the
past in intentional mood differs from the transitive in respect of
inserting indirect objects any where. |
The verbal constructions
with the indirect may be observed in the following examples:
|
