| derivation
of all the other personal affixes, the original form may be accepted
to be/e/ only and /i/ or /i?/, howsoever frequent they may be, are
simply variants. |
| (ix) As an
infix inserted into the verbal construction as direct object the form
of /e/ becomes simple /i/, and so the case when it is an indirect
object, when suffixed to mena? or bano also, there is an unchecked
/i/, in the former case /i/ may take euphonic [a] after a consonant
or even a vowel (sukuai). |
In cases of la ,
li, ki,
etc., with final // when these affixes occurring before a vowel, they are subjected
tosame changes as /i/
for the first person singular undergoes. |
| 2.4.2.7.1.
Personal and impersonal constructions: |
| In a complete verbal
construction two types may be marked morphologically i.e., the f.v.m.
occurring in the end may or may not take personal suffix reflecting
the subject. This does not depend upon the subject being animate or
inanimate only, but also upon how an event is treated. Many of natural
pheonomena like rain etc., are treated as involving a personal construction
and hence will take the personal suffix after the f.v.m. as in/gamatanae/
‘he rains’. In impersonal construction the f.v.m. stands
for a closed construction. It is neutral in character. Personal affixes
are added in case of the following roots denoting an experience of
feeling, passion or state of mind according to the rules applied for
the insertion of indirect pronominal objects. In case of such types
of impersonal constructions the person who experiences these feelings
is represented as indirect object. Such roots include the following,
occurring intransitively: |
|
suku
|
centa
|
ela
|
hambal
|
soan
|
|
rasika
|
sanaN
|
balbal
|
gutu
|
atkar
|
|
rua
|
kiisi
|
sukul
|
|
usur
|
|
hasu
|
hila
|
ruiam
|
|
mer
|
|
giu
|
lolo
|
laga
|
jojo
|
etc
|
|
|
| The
words mena? and bano? also are expressed impersonally. |
| One experience can
be qualified by another feeling by transforming the latter into an
adverbail phrase after suffixing /leka/ ‘like’. |
| However, the constructions
with the above roots will become personal when they take causative
/rika/ or/idi/ or function like a causative without any marker, and
take the suffix. |
| Sometimes, the personal
constructions with the roots like abive can be expressed without subject
marker being placed after f.v.m. but instead in such cases the subject
stands outside the verb and preceding it. In such occurrences the
object stands first and takes the suffix of ta? or ta?te after which
the subject is added , as in - |
|
ae?ta?teko
sukutana
|
‘they
like him’
|
|
|
| The personal construtions
with the above roots may not even be causative but they will denote
‘to be like that’ in place of ‘to feel like that’
as /suku/ construed personally will mean ‘to be happy’ rather
than ‘to feel happy’, and the construction will be/ sukutanaiN/
and sukuiNtana/
respectively, the latter actually meaning "it gives me pleasure". |
| 2.4.2.7.2.
Insertion of subjects and objects. |
| I. All personal
constructions take suffixes for subjects. |
| II. All the
transitive roots may take direct and /or indirect objects. |
| III. All the
intransitive roots may take indirect objects. |
IV. The inanimate
has only one marker /e/ for the object, while the animates can have
any markers given in ยง 2.5.2.7. There is only
the singular form for the inanimate standing for ‘it’. The
form/e/ for the inanimate is the softened form of /a/, which coincides
with the f.v.m. in impersonal or neutral constructions.
|
