|
Morphophonological changes:
|
| When o? is followed
or preceded by /a/, the checking of the suffix is transferred to /a/,
e.g., aiumoa? or ba?o. |
| When the preceding
vowel is checked, the sound /g/ is inserted before /o?/, e.g., /da?/
+ /o?/ = da?go?. |
| When the preceding
sound is /i/. the form o? changes to u? or simply /u/. |
| (b)
Reflexive: |
| The suffix /n/ is
added to the intransitive roots of a particular group to form the
reflexive stem. This is also a method employed by a transitive root
for making itself intransitive like the following which are used intransitively
by suffixing /n/. They take intransitive suffixes: |
gi i
|
‘to
throw’
|
dasi
|
‘to
make servant’
|
|
binga
|
‘to
separate’
|
daøe
|
‘so
sacrifice’
|
|
rasika
|
‘to
enjoy’
|
uiu
|
‘to
wrap’
|
|
uku
|
‘to
hide (something’
|
dal
|
‘to
strike’ and so on.
|
|
|
| The group of intransitive
roots which takes reflexive /-n/to form the stem may be called tiNgu
- group, after the one of such roots. The others are: |
haago
|
‘to
get tripped’
|
poco
|
‘to
slip’
|
|
rika
|
‘to
feel’
|
sese
|
‘to
be sandy’
|
rea
|
‘to
bathe’
|
acu?
|
‘to
sueeze’
|
|
tai
|
‘to
stay’
|
ke e?
|
‘to
become hard’
|
ruu
|
‘to
rest’
|
|
|
|
|
|
Morphophonological changes:
|
| After a consonant
the suffix /n/ takes a vowel e, o, i, a or u, as in /dalen/, omon/,
etc. depending upon the vowel of the preceding syllable in harmony
of which these euhonic sounds stand. |
| (c)
Landa-group stem: There is another group of intransitive roots, which
takes the suffix /-e/ to form the stem, which in absence of any special
name may be called landa-group after one of the roots. Such stem even
when used intransitively takes the suffixes used with the transitive
class. /e/ is a marker for the transititve class. |
| The other roots or
the landa - group may be enumerated below: |
|
saed
|
‘to
breathe’
|
kaji
|
‘to
speak’ kakala ‘to shout’
|
|
boro
|
‘to
be afraid’
|
itu
|
‘to
find it possible to do something’
|
|
suku
|
‘to
be pleased’
|
ra?
|
‘to
call’ (of birds, animals etc.)
|
|
|
| (d) The roots
of nir - group, which take on suffix at all form the intransitive
stem: |
|
nir
|
‘to
flee’
|
giti
|
‘to
lie down’
|
rakab
|
‘to
climb’
|
|
apir
|
‘to
fly’
|
burum
|
‘to
lie down(animals)
|
tun·aN
|
‘to
creep’
|
|
birid
|
‘to
awake’
|
duum
|
‘to
sleep’
|
sen
|
‘to
go’
|
|
dub
|
‘to
sit’
|
rua
|
‘to
return’
|
hiju?
|
‘to
come’
|
|
|
| (e) Iterative
and intensive: As in the case of transitive roots, the intransitive
roots also are reduplicated or have their first vowel lengthened to
express repeated occurrence or an action or intensiveness, as in sen>sesen
‘to move’. |
| To denote a successful
beginning also this reduplication is used, e.g., sesen ‘to begin
to walk’. The differentiation of meanings depends upon context. |
| (f) Compounded
stems: The intransitive stems may also be compounded in all the ways
by which a transitive is compounded. |
| (i) Compounding
of two roots, where the first serve as |
