| But,
generally a root beginning with a vowel or an /h/ takes the lengthening,
e.g., aaium ‘to hear’, hiju? ‘to come’. Sometimes
both types of reduplication may occur together, e.g., [seesen] ‘to
move’. |
| (e)
Compounded stems: |
| There are three ways
of compounding to form a stem - (i) compounding of two transitive
roots (ii) compounding of a root and a postposition, and (iii) compounding
of the secondary internally changed forms. |
| (i) where
two roots are compounded, the first is a secondary root: |
|
|
as in -
|
kajide ga
|
‘to
plead’ (to say+to help)
|
|
buldurum
|
‘to
fall asleep having drunken’
|
|
sibage
|
‘to
leave ploughing’
|
|
|
| However , such secondary
roots may change their place in respect of the principal root as in: |
|
au
|
‘to
bring, to fetch’
|
|
idi
|
‘to
take something or some one to some place or person’
|
|
pere?
|
‘to
fill’
|
gi i
|
‘to
throw away’
|
|
bai
|
‘to
make or to arrange’
|
|
aium
|
‘to
hear’ rika ‘to do’
|
rua
|
‘to
return’, e e?
‘to begin’
|
|
caba
|
‘to
finish’, hoka ‘to cease’, etc.
|
|
|
| They all come next
to the principal root and modify the meaning in an idiomatic way.
Compounding of more than two roots also is not rare. |
| (ii) Compounding
of a root and a particle: |
| Some
of adverbial particles are added to transitive roots, e.g., lel-bes
‘to look something in a better way’, lelaiar, ‘to look
ahead’ or aiumsida ‘to have already been heard’. Quantitative
adjectival postposition like la? is used to denote an action having
done in excess, e.g., jomla? ‘to eat in excess’. |
| (iii) Compounding
of the secondary internally changed forms: |
| A transitive root
may be compounding its own form, which appears like an echo0 form
with some internal trasformations- |
|
|
‘to
squeath (as a hinge)’
|
|
bara-bari
|
‘to
equal’
|
|
|
| However, such forms
are rare in transitive use. |
| 2.4.1.2. Intransitive
stems: The roots even if they belong to transitive class may take
the affixes used with intransitive. They, in such case, function as
passives. The stem fromations for intranstitive will include the following
differentitated semantically: |
| (a) Passive : [o?]
is suffixed to a particular group of intransitive roots to form the
passive stems. This group may be named as lum-group, after the root
[lum] ‘to be wet’, which takes the suffix o?. The roots
in this group are: |
bai
|
‘to
collapse’
|
hon·e?
|
‘to
boil’
|
tur
|
‘to
rise’
|
|
jarom
|
‘to
ripe’
|
uu
|
‘to
get out’
|
hasur
|
‘to
set’
|
|
anjed
|
‘to
exhaustfault’
|
lo¶o
|
‘to
commit’
|
jul
|
‘to
burn’
|
|
omon
|
‘to
germinate'
|
uiu
|
‘to
fall’
|
sakid
|
‘to
coagulate’
|
oa
|
‘to
feel exposed'
|
goe?
|
‘to
die’
|
ser
|
‘to
melt’
|
ligi
|
‘to
flow’
|
roa
|
‘to
get dry’
|
|
|
|
|
| Optionally, the [o?]
may be dropped as well. |
| In the imperative
the transitive also takes o? for the passive-dal ‘to beat’
dalo? ‘be beaten!’ |
-c
