| (c) tea?
is added to a verb root or stem to give the meaning of instrumentality,
e.g., /ol/ ‘to write’ > /oltea?/ ‘with what something
is written’, /olken/ ‘having been written’ > /olkentea?/
‘with what something was written’. |
| The composition
of tea? is by adding the genetive a? to the instrumental suffix/-te/. |
| (ii)
Infixation - |
| (a)
/nV/ is infixed in a verb root after the vowel to derive a noun, where
V is the vowel of the proceding syllable, so that the main part of
/n/ becomes intervocalic, e.g., tol ‘to bind’ tonol ‘a
bind or a knot’, jo? ‘to sweep’ > jono? ‘broomstick’. |
Sometimes,
/nV/ is inserted into an adjective as well to make a noun, e.g., mara ‘great
> manara
‘greatness’. |
| (b)
Some verb roots take /pV/ as infix e.g., om > opom ‘gift’,
era >
epeara N ‘fight’, landa >lapanda ‘joke’. They
are also used adjectively. Some nouns also take infix of /pV/ in second
occurrence of their form, which is then compounded with the original
form, e.g., hon-hopon ‘issue (children)’ where hon ‘child’. |
| (iii)
Compounding - |
The combination
of action adn non-action nouns as discussed above gives the following
four types of
compounds - |
| (a)
Non-action+Non-action: |
| E.g.,
|
|
med
|
‘eye’,
|
mu
|
‘front’
|
=
|
med-mua
|
‘sface’
|
|
mu
|
‘nose’,
|
un u
|
‘hole'
|
=
|
mu=un·u
|
‘nostril’
|
|
|
| (b)
Non-action+Action: |
| Eg.,
|
sigi
|
‘sun’,
|
tur
|
‘(to)
rise’
|
=
|
siNssgi-tur
|
‘east’
|
|
simko
|
‘cocks’
|
ra?
|
‘(to)
cry
|
=
|
simkora?
|
‘dawn’
|
|
|
| (c)
Action+Action: |
| E.g., |
|
hara
|
‘(to)
grow’,
|
rakab’
|
'(to) climb’
|
=
|
hara-rakab
|
‘puberty’
|
|
kaji
|
‘(to)
say],
|
kul
|
‘(to)
send’
|
=
|
kajikul
|
‘message'
|
|
|
| Such words
act also as compound verbs in a verbal phrase, e.g., kajikul ‘to
send a message’. |
| (d)
Action+Non action: |
| Eg., susun
‘(to)dance’ haria ‘expert’=susunharia ‘dancer’ |
| Such words
are generally formed by adding/ni?/ ‘the demonstrative for third
person singualar animate’ to the action noun (or verb-root),
as in - kiri-ni?,
‘buyer’, akirini?
‘seller’ etc. |
| 2.1.5.
The suffixes for genetive: Different cases are denoted by placing
post-postitions after the nouns, and as there is no suffixation process
or declension in Mundari. Ther is only one suffix, basically, to be
used as genetive marker for the noun and that is /a?/. For possesive,
/t/ is prefixed before personal pronouns as in /tam/. |
| 2.1.5.2.
/a?/ is suffixed to the animate nouns only, generally when the head
noun denotes family relations, except that of ‘husband’
and ‘wife’ and also when possession of any inanimate thing
is marked. Nouns and pronouns denoting animate being take /a?/ as
suffix before the following: aiar, taiom, dea, sida, eetan, suba,
sirma, latar, tala, raes, kundam, bitar, dana,
japa, gena, atom. |
| But at
the same time the post-position for location forms the basis to denote
possession or belongingness to any place or country. This is /re-/,
which gives two more genetive suffixes - /ren/and/rea?/, i.e., n/a?
added to the locative base. |
In/ren/the
/-n/ is the marker to be used with the animates only. Thus /ren/ is
suffixed to animate nouns, when the possession
|
|
