| morphomes
are to be added to the stem or root with hyphen in between. |
| There is no need
of indicating tone or estress since they do not occur on word level,
but the terminals in /,/, /|/, /!/ and /?/ can be used in order to
delmit one stretch of utterance. |
As for the segmental
sounds, it will be convenient to give symbols for the allophones of
[ ],
[« ],
[?], /y/, /w/ and nasalization, since in case of borrowed words from
other dialects being considered, these sounds become contrastive. |
| Morphology* |
| 2.0. Introduction:
Mundari morphemes may be broadly classified into two groups: roots
and non-roots. Roots enter into further morphological contructions
and form a base, while the non-roots do not. There are four categories
of roots, viz., substantives, demonstrtives, adjectives and verbs.
Non-roots are three, viz., affixes, post-positions and particles.
Affixes include the infix, prefix and suffix and they are necessarily
bound forms. Post-positions are semi-bound forms. Particles are free
forms, which are neither inflected nor they enter into morphological
structure as the free forms or roots. They include connectives, emphatics
and interjectives. The morphological processes employed are juxtapostion,
infixation, prefixation, suffixation, reduplication, compounding and
internal change. |
| A word has been defined
in § 1.12 above comprising of either a free
form or a free form plus a bound form. Accordingly, composition of
word would include only affixation process while the longer corpus
with juxtaposition and reduplication etc., as well as compounding
would go beyond a word. However, in morphology, consideration has
to be made for such larger structures as well, if functionally they
behave as a single unit. For example, /nimin/ ‘this much’
would be a phrase,l where /ne/ ‘this’ and /imin/ ‘so
much’ are compounded, but it has to be threated in morphology
as a derived variety of demonstrative |
| * As morpho-phonemic
changes are not numerous in this language, no separate chapter on
morpho-phonology is introduced. All such changes have been given within
this chapter only in the sections where they occur. |
|
