| 3.2.2.
Subordinate clauses: |
| Subordinate clauses
are dependant on any principal or indipendent clause within the same
sentence and may be identified by characteristic absence of the f.v.m.
with VT markers. A general structure of such clauses may be shown
as following: |
|
R/A + [T] + markers + [S]
|
| Where R stands for
a verb root, which may in some cases be replaced by adjectives like
/sida/, /aiar/ etc. The tense marker is present in most cases except
few examples to be detailed below. Markers for the purpose of relating
the clause to the principal would be present in one form or other
as a general rule. Subject in micro form may or may not be there,
the distribution of which depends upon the type of relative clause.
Where no such subject is inserted, the subject of the principal clause
serves for the subordinate clause also. |
| Voice marker may
be used along with the Root, transforming the latter to passive or
reflexive forms but no mood marker is taken in such constructions. |
| Subordinate clauses
are broardly of five types-relative, adverbial, conditional, restrictive
and adjectival. |
| 3.2.2.1.
Relative subordinate clauses: |
| A clause which is
related to the principal clause in such a way that it modifies or
replaces the nominal element of the main clause is called a relative
subordinate clause. It may thus, either serve as a complement to or
in lieu of the subject. Markers in such cases may be either Ę,
leka, ta? or the correlatives like oko-enka, cilka-enka etc., |
| With Ę
relator, any verb or in absence or verb adjectives like /dea/, aiar/,
/sida/, /taiom/ etc., may be used within the clause. With verbs, the
construction may be like R+T+C e.g., sentako, ‘those who are going’.
With adjectives the constrution would be as following: |
|
dea
|
|
|
aiar
|
|
|
|
+ T + S
|
|
sida
|
|
|
taiom
|
|
|
as in /sidakene/
|
‘he who came
first’ etc.,
|
|
|
| Such clauses replace
the subject of the principal clause as in /aiartanko lelo?a/ ‘those
who are ahead, will be seen’. |
| With /leka/, one
can depict the constrafactual relations: |
|
sentanleka
|
‘as if (one)
is going’
|
|
bad-te-oren-tan-leka
|
‘as if one is
forcefully being dragged’.
|
|
|
| In case of /leka/
as well as all such markers in the relative subordinate clause, the
general structure is like: |
|
R+T+Marker + [S]
|
| Where R standing
for the verb root also includes voice markers as and when necessary. |
|
/ta?/ is used as a relative marker
for place:
|
|
meromgupita? dura ka?e
‘he sings where he is grazing the goats’
|
| which also may be
used with any tense marker: |
|
meromgupitanta? duraa?e.
|
| The ending of the
tense marker will depend upon the type of the verb roots used. Following
is an example of the use of a correlative: |
|
cilka kajiled enka ba ijana
|
|
‘as had been told like that (it)
could not be made’.
|
| 3.2.2.2.
Adverbial subordinate clause: |
| A clause which is
related to the principal clause as an adverb for an action indicated
in the latter is an adverbial subordinate clause. The general structure
of such clause would be: |
| R+T+Marker |
