| R includes voice
marker as well. No subject is suffixed in pronominal form in such
clauses, so that the subject of the principal clause serves for subordinate
clause also. |
| Adverbial subordinate
clauses are of four types depending upon the kind of adverbial functions
they perform, viz, temporal, causal, adverbial clause of purpose and
the adverbail clause of manner. Each type has separate set of markers. |
3.2.2.2.1.
Temporal Adverbail: The markers for the adverbial clauses for time
are /ate/, /re/, /lo?/, /ci/, /imta /,
and /dipila/ etc., |
|
ate - clause
|
: mod hiju?lenate
misao kae nirjanaonce having come, since then, he
has not fled even once’
|
|
re -clause
|
: kamitanre
alom taimena?‘do not lag behind when you work’
|
|
lo? -clause
|
: nujadlo? uiu?janae‘he
fell down just while drinking’
|
|
ci - clause
|
: nujadci ba ijanaehe
fell down, as soon as he drank’
|
|
|
| 3.2.2.2.2.
Causal adverbial: The clauses which indicate the cause for the action
indicated in the principal clause take /te/, /mente/ or /ra?/ as markers: |
|
te - clause
|
: kamitante
lagajanae‘owing to work, he has been tired’
|
|
mente - clause
|
: seno?janmente
ra?tanae‘because he went, he is weeping’
|
|
ra? - clause
|
: nirjanra?
daøaja?iako‘since
he fled, people are searching him’
|
|
|
| The above clauses
may optionally suffix the subject in concordance with that or principal
clause, viz., kamitante-e lagajanae. |
| 3.2.2.2.3.
Adverbial clause of purpose: The marker /mente/ more commonly expresses
the purpose, in an infinitive |
|
kamidaøamente-i
seno?tana ‘in order to search for
work, I am going’
|
| A full clause form
is rare in this case. |
| 3.2.2.2.4.
Adverbial clause of manner: The marker /leka/ is used to indicate
the manner in somewhat diffenent way as used in the case of relative
subordinate clauses: |
|
sojege seno?me tuinked-leka
|
|
‘go straight, like arrow having been
thrown’
|
| 3.2.2.3. Conditional
subordinate clause: A clause which expresses condition for the action
expressed in the principal clause is designated as conditional subordinate
clause. The general structure for this is - |
|
R + T + marker
|
| As in the case adverbial
clause. Here also R includes any voice marker. The condition marker
in such constructions is /re/, as for example: |
| daøakedre
namkedteam
|
|
‘had you searched, you could have
got’
|
| khuni-te
sen-re-m a?e lelo?ma
|
| ‘if
you go to Khunti he will see you’
|
| 3.2.2.4. Restrictive
subordinate clause: A subordiante clause which restricts in any way
the topic of the principal clause, is called a restritive clause,
which again has the same structure of R+T+marker. The marker in such
case is /do/: |
|
hiju?tando
|
‘as for coming’
|
|
namkeddo
|
‘as for having
found’
|
|
|
| However, such meanings
are generally expressed in phraseal construction without tense marker
- |
