| The tense markers
in case of transitive roots take /-n/ in the final position. Except
for the impersonal constructions, everywhere the intransitive clauses
also take pronominal subject in micro form finally in the verb phrase: |
a agu-n-ken-a-e
‘he came down (himself)’ |
| However, as with
the transitve clauses, the pronominal suffix for the subject is
added to the word preceding the verb phrase also: |
kai
senoa
|
‘I will not
go’
|
|
senakanaetaikena
|
‘he
has gone to . . .’
|
|
|
| Indirect objects
usually stand apart in macro form preceding the verb phrase with
case marker but in some cases of dative, they may be inserted in
the verb phrase in the construction like R+V+M+O2+T+C+S: |
|
kajiakokenae
|
‘he had already
spoken to them’
|
|
|
‘hte young
man hid himself for the two’
|
|
|
| Transitive stems
may be used intransitively in passive and reflexive voices in which
cases they would take tense-markers ending with /-n/, as may be
found in the second example above, where/ ukun/has been used reflexively
and also in the following: |
|
sobenko lelo?kena
|
‘all
of them have been seen’
|
li a
haga haguun
janae
|
‘the youngest
brother, force-drawned himself’
|
|
|
| With the exclusion
of direct object, the intranstive clauses have the two remaining
secondary elements of nominal subjects and nominal indirect objects.
Indirect objects usually stand apart in macro forms and may not
be represented in the verb phrase. They take markers /lai/ or /latin/
to express dative. It is to be noted that in intrasitive constructions
the relative places do not determine the nature of subject or indirect
object and hence the dative marker is necessary suffixed to the
indirect object, as in the following: |
|
mara
haga baute lai uu
janae
|
|
‘the elder brother became anxious
for his younger brother’
|
| The indirect object
generally precedes the subject but the change in order is permissible
as well as is in practice. In above case, such alternative use is
also possible like/baute lai maraN
haga . . ./. The dative or any other appropriate marker is always
there to distinguish the indirect object, apart from the micro representation
of the subject in verb phrase and the associated concordance. |
| The subject and
the indirect object both may take attributes and can occur in phrase
forms as in the case of the transitive clauses. |
| Optional elements,
again, are only the adverbs or adverb phrases of time, place, manner
or purpose, the position for which may not be fixed although in
most cases they precede the verb phrase immediately: |
|
nimina
somoe-re-ge en taiad-te en kuili hiju? janae
|
|
‘that cuckoo came at that place
immediately at the moment’
|
| However, single
adverbs or adverbs in simpler forms most frequently immediately
precede the very phrase: |
|
hui
haga sekea
uu
jana ‘the yonger brother came out
very soon’
|
