(c) in simple
present in /tan/ as in /dalo?aitanai /
‘I am beating for him’. |
| (d) in the
imperative constructions, as in /omalime/
‘give (it) to us (we two)’. |
| Where both of the
objects stand apart in macro from preceding the verb phrase with
or without a case marker, either of the objects may be represented
again in micro form in the verb phrase and can be indentified as
such by concordance. However, sometimes, it may not be necessary
that both of the objects be present in macro forms, only one of
the two be in macro and the other in micro form. Here the concordance
deduced from the text can help in identifying them separately. Except
for such cases, differentiation of one type of object from the other
as incorparated in the verb phrase is not possible. |
| Secondary elements
in case of the independent transitive clauses are those which stand
apart from the verb phrase and precede the same in macro forms and
which are represented in the verb phrase in micro forms. These elements
are secondary in the sented in the verb phrase without leaving a
gap in the construction. Their secondary occurence is warranted
by the necessity of nominal identifications and hence they are either
nominal indirect objects, in single forms or in phrases and with
or without attributes, genetive and other case markers etc., The
order of these elements is usually like s-i.o. -d.o. in cases where
the indirect object is animate and it does not take case marker
as in the following examples: |
|
ke a-gupi?
miad kii-hon
inki-ke-e
oma?kia
|
|
‘the shephered gave them (the
two) a calf’
|
| In the above sentence,
the subject in the form of a noun phrase i.e., /kea-gupi-ni?/
is the first in order, another noun phrase /miad kii-hon/
is the indirect object and /inki/
with accusative marker /ke/ is the direct object in the second and
third places respectively. Concordance of the direct object can
be seen in /ki/
in the verb phrase. |
| However, the above
order may be optionally changed as s-d.o. -i.o., in cases, where
the indirect object takes such postpositions which stand for case
relation, as for example with: /te/, /lai/, /latin/ etc., as in- |
|
ini? a a?
dasiko buia-latin
kul-ked-ko-a-e
|
|
"he sent his servants for
the old lady"
|
| Adverbail phrases,
either temporal, locational or of manner or purpose are optional
elements which qualify the verb of the clause and precede the verb-phrase.
The position of the adverbs is not fixed vis-a-vis the other secondary
elements as for example: |
|
soben-ko akoa? sampoo
enta?rege begekedako
|
|
"all of them left their
belongings at that very place"
|
| may also be re-written
as: |
|
enta?rege sobenko akoa? sampoo
bagekebako
|
| or as: |
|
sobenko enta?rege akoa? sampoo
bagekedako
|
| 3
.2.1.2. Intrasitive principal clauses: |
| The primary elements
as structured in the verb phrese have the following composition
and order: |
|
R+V+M+T+C+S
|
| Intransitive clauses,
if one of impersonal type, will have no suffix for the subject in
the verb phrase as defined before so that the f.v.m. /a/ closes
the construction denoting an intransitive function (i.e., R+V+M+T+C),
as in the following case: |
|
hasutana
|
‘(it) pains’
|
capua segel
leka lolo jana
|
‘the bellows
became hot like fire’
|
|
jomnu hoba
jana
|
‘meal was
finished’
|
|
|
