| 3.1.1.4.1. Pronominals
plus a noun: The personal pronouns including genetive constructions
may precede an n oun to form a vocative phrase with the terminal falling
tone: |
am, ho o
|
‘you man!’
|
|
ate, mamu
|
‘my uncle’ or
‘uncle, to me’
|
|
|
| The nouns may
take a pronominal suffix in order to indicate the genetival relation
in a vocative phrase also: |
am, bokoi
|
‘you,
my brother!’
|
|
literally,
|
‘you, a younger
brother to me!’
|
|
|
| 3.1.1.4.2. Noun
phrase plus an intonation: In a number of cases the noun phrase may
be used as vocative only by taking the terminal falling intonation,
without having a structural marker: |
|
haramhoro!
|
‘O, the old
man!’
|
|
maraNhaga!
|
‘O, elder
brother!’
|
|
|
| 3.1.1.4.3. An
inperative plus a noun: There are some forms which are used as imperatives.
These forms may be used in vocatives with nouns, including personal
noun: |
|
mar sakiN!
|
‘come
along my saki!’
|
|
dola samu!
|
‘let us (go)
samu!’
|
|
|
| 3.1.1.4.4. An
interjection plus a noun: ‘a’ or ‘ela’ are the most frequent interjections
used in vocatives. These are placed before the noun or the noun phrase,
whereas the whole phrase has the terminal falling tone: |
he a saki!
|
‘yes O
my saki!’
|
|
ela babu!
|
‘O, (my) beloved
(boy)!’
|
|
|
| 3.1.2. Adjective
Phrase: Such combinations of words and / or morphemes which may be
replaced by a single word of the category of adjective within a clause
or sentence are termed as adjective phrases. Mundari has three main
types of adjective phrases, the first type is that which takes genetival
bound morphemes, single or compund, the second has participal form
and the third type is that which occurs with intensifiers or emphatic
particles. |
| 3.1.2.1. With
genetives: Reference has been made to such constructions which are
noun phrases incorporating into themselves such possessive genetives
in /a?/, /ra?/ and /ren/ etc., functioning as attributes in endocentric
formations. These bound morphemes as well as some other may not only
occur as possessives, rather may establish different types of relations
between the preceding and the following nouns and hence they have
been termed as relators by Dr. W.A.Cook (P. 267, Microfilm copy).
These relators are suffixed to the noun-axis with which they make
adjective phrases. Although suffixed to the latter element in case
of a noun phrase, they govern the whole of it. The most common relators
are a?, ra?, rea?, ren, ta?ren, ten and tea?. |
| 3.1.2.1.1. a?-phrase:
The genetival morpheme a? is suffixed to an animate noun and is governed
by both, animate as well as inanimate, in following cases: it may
function as possessive. |
|
Soma Munda?
(uri?)
|
‘(the cattle)
of Some Munda’
|
ne daga a(daru)
|
‘(tree) of this
young man’
|
|
|
| a? may be used
for such relations as ‘anger’, pleasure’ etc., or bad or good qualities,
as in the following cases: |
|
Somua? (kasur)
|
‘(the guilt)
of Samu)’
|
koa
hona? (kiisi)
|
‘the anger)
of the child’
|
|
|
| 3.1.2.1.2. ra?-phrase:
It is suffixed to inanimate noun and is governed by an inanimate only.
It may be used either as possessive or partitive: |
|
bir-ra? (daru)
|
‘(tree) of the
jungle’
|
|
daru-ra? (koto)
|
‘(branch of
the tree’
|
|
|
| rea? is the full
form of ra? and is this used exactly in the same situations where
ra? is used, as for example: |
|
bir-rea? (jo) ‘(the fruit) of
the jungle’.
|
