| 3.1.1.1.6. With other
noun: A noun may modify the head noun and thus behave as an attribute
in an endocentricconstruction as in above cases. The modifying noun
will stand before the modified one: |
kalu i
sim ‘hen,
|
which has not
laid eggs’
|
angua ko a
|
‘a bachelor
boy’
|
|
|
| 3.1.1.1.7 With modifying
noun in genetive, with or without marker: The modifying noun may stand
in genetive forming an endocentric construction. However, the genetive
formation may or may not be marked, as in: |
gaa
atom
|
‘the riverside’
|
|
lija? dokan
|
‘the cloth shop’
|
|
|
| 3.1.1.2. Additive
Noun Phrases: The additive noun phrases have two heads, justaposed.
They may or may not have any connector. In both cases, however, the
postpositions are added to the latter governing the both. |
| 3.1.1.2.1. Without
connectors: The phrases without any connector are generally used to
denote a class, a type or a collective form, as in: |
haam-buia
|
‘old couple’,
literally meaning an old man and an old woman
|
|
uri?-merom
|
‘cattle
wealth’, literally meaning a bulland goat.
|
|
|
|
Mundari
has great number of such phrases.
|
| 3.1.1.2.2. With connectors:
/ad/ and /oo?/,
both meaning ‘and’ and /ci/ ‘or’ are the common particles used as
connectors in case or additive noun phrases: |
|
kula ad uri?
|
‘the tiger and
the bull’
|
raja oo?
rani
|
‘the king and
the queen’
|
koa
ci kui
|
‘boy or
girl’
|
|
|
| These connectors
may be used between two or more noun or other phrases as well as sentences.
/ci/ is used also when apposing sentences occur: |
|
manoa jonom ci ba lekan jinid ‘human
life has an existence like a flower’, literally meaning ‘hunan life
or life like a flower’.
|
| 3.1.1.3. Appositional
Noun Phrases: Such noun phrases are termed appositional, where there
are two nouns, both of them functioning as attributes to each other.
In this sense they are not of attributive variety, where only one
noun is the attribute for the other. In appositional type both nouns
refer to the same things. Postpositions are suffixed to the latter
noun but they govern the both nouns. |
| 3.1.1.3.1. with proper
noun: Generally, such phrases have a common noun, indicating its category: |
|
buruma hatu
|
‘the village
Buruma’
|
 omabari
buru |
‘the hill Dombari’
|
|
|
| 3.1.1.3.2. With identifiers:
A noun or a noun phrase may be used as an eidentifier or a describer
for a noun or a pronoun and thus both the forms together may construct
a single form. Here again, the second element will take all the suffixes
capable of governing the both: |
am, bugin koa
|
‘you, the good
boy’
|
soma, etkan
hoo
|
‘soma, the bad
person’
|
|
|
3.1.1.4. Vocative
Phrases: A number of constructions are possible, where the noun phrases
are used as vocatives. In each of them, the falling intonation at
the terminal is necessary. In some cases the vocative may be identified
only by the intonation, having no structural marker. The following
four types are the most common vocative noun phrases.
|
