|
daltam ‘beat it’
|
| There may be vowel
harmony influencing the vowel of /ta/, converting it to /e/ or /o/,
as in -hiju?lenme ‘come, if you dare!’ |
|
dotom ‘must keep it’. Here
it is not used with intransitive verbs.
|
| (iii) In the
anterior future and past tenses, the form is generally /-em/, as in
- |
|
hiju?lenme or
hiju?ukome ‘Please come here first’
|
|
(It’s my wish)Where a defiance is meant,
the suffix /len/ is also used for this, as in - |
| In case of anterior
past it is used both with transitive and intransitive. This is a peculiar
situation in Mundari where the imperative is used even in some type
of past tense. Semantically, it relates to a such a command which
should have been attended to prior to taking up some other job. Such
as: |
|
seno?lenme
|
‘you
might be gone earlier’
|
|
omli?me
|
‘you!
might given him earlier’
|
|
|
| (iv) In case
of the continuative present, the final /d/ of /akad/ is dropped and
the suffix is simply /-m/, as in - |
|
do-akam
‘continue to keep it’
|
| For the intransitive
the full tense form of /akan/ is used to differntiate it from transitive,
but then the suffix is /-me/, |
|
dub-akan-me
‘keep sitting’
|
| As in case of /len/,
akan/ is also used sometimes to denote threat - |
|
sen-akan-me
‘keep on going if you dare’.
|
| 2.4.3.10.
Other formatives: |
| Apart from the stem
forming suffixes, tense/aspect and mood markers, the f.v.m. /a/ and
pro |
| mininal
suffixes, there are some particles which although not tightly bound,
rather they are free forms, participate in the verbal construction
in many ways: |
| (i) The emphatic
/ge/, as stated, is used with the marker /akad/ or akan/, to denote
present continuous defferentiating them from pure perfects (§2.5.2.4).
It also emphasizes the continuty of an action: |
|
senakangeae
|
‘he
keeps on going’
|
|
but senakanae
|
‘he
has gone’
|
|
|
| (ii) /alo/,
as prohibitive, is used with the optative /k/, occurring before it
and after the root, to denote a request not to do anything - |
|
senalokom
‘please do no go’
|
| (iii) /do/
along with /re/ forms conditional mood, which otherwise has no marker
(§2.5.2.6.1), as in - |
|
menai?redo ‘but if he
be’
|
| (vi) /ka/
is the marker for negation in indicative form - |
|
kaseno?ai
‘I will not go’
|
| But it also sometimes
performs the function of /ba/ ‘not to exist’. as in /kaetaena/ ‘it does
not exist there or it is not ethere, where the /taen/ ~ /tain/ ‘to
stay’ is used with it. Here the suffixation of /e/ for inanimate
subject to /ka/ denotes that it is not separate from the predicate. |
| (v) sida -
This particle is used in future tense with the intransitive verbs,
as to denote anterior future (§
2.5.2.4.). It may take the postposition
of /-te/ to stand apart and before the verb and even the indirect
object: |
|
sidate pi ila
sena ‘thou and I will go first to
the market’
|
| But, generally it
is postposed to the root itself to make acompound denoting priority
of the action as in - |
