|
nirsidaeai
‘I will first run’.
|
| /sida/ may also be
used with the transitive verbs without meaning a precedence of one
action over the other - |
|
omsidakoai
‘first I will give it to them’.
|
| (vi) Causal
- /te/ |
| te: is used with
the aspects /akan/, akad, /ken/, ked/, /led/, /len/, etc., to denote
a cause of the course of action, i.e., ‘on occount of’ something.
It can be used with both transitive and intransitive roots. However,
after the /d/ of the aspect markers it takes a prefix of /a/ and the
consonant is elisioned leaving the preceding vowel checked - |
|
omke?ate
|
‘on
account of having been given’
|
|
seno?akante
|
‘on
account of going’
|
|
|
| (vii) Absolutive
- ci |
| ci: apart from the
interrogative, it is also used as an absolutive which denotes the
completion of one act before which something is or is going to be
undertaken. This is also used after all the aspect markers with both
types of verbs - |
|
jomkedoi
|
‘after
taking the meals’
|
|
omki?ci
|
‘after
having given’
|
|
|
| These two actualy
perform the function of adverbs and they will be dealt with among
the adverbial phrases. |
| (viii) Participle
- formation : The perticiple is formed only with the aspect markers
without the f.v.m. /a/. All the aspects can have the participlar forms
with both types of verbs. |
| (ix) mena?
and bono?: The words denoting ‘to be’ and ‘not to be’
play very important role in Mundari and replace the present tense
marker very frequently for denoting the existence or non-existance
of athing or action, in the present when used sxistentially they do
not take f.v.m.: |
bulu mena
|
‘there
is salf’
|
|
cauli bano?
|
‘there
is no rice’
|
|
|
| These
terms stand for a concrete existence or absence respectively. |
| The
compositon of mena? is by adding /a?/ a demonstrative suffix with
relation to space or localization to /men/ ‘to say’ anp
literally mena? will mean ‘ to say (something) to be there’ |
| bano? is obviously
a passive form. However, /bano?/ cannot be related to any root. Without
the suffix /o?/, the /bano?/ takes the form of /banN/
and enters in to morphological constructions in the latter form only. |
| Both /mena?/ and
bano?/ are used in the indeterminate present. However,/mena?/ is also
used with continuative present |
| mena? akange ai
‘I am remaining (here)’. |
| while/bano?/has past
form in jan, where the personal pronoun may be suffixed to it - |
|
ba
aijanae ‘he has become non-existent’,
|
|
here limited to the third person.
|
| Both mena? and bano?
take part in impersonal constructions taking the pronominal suffix
in between the roots and the f.v.m. |
|
ba-me-a
‘you are not (there)’
|
| Both of them are
replaced by other particles like /tain/ ‘to stay’ and /ka
tain/ ‘not to stay’ in other tense. |
| (x) Use of
tana? and tani? : |
| The present indefinite
marker /tan/ is often suffixed with /a?/ and /i?/ respectively to
denote the presence or existence of inanimate and animate objects.
In this sense they frequently replace /mena?/ standing for the sam
function, as in - |
|
daru tana?
|
‘there
is a tree’
|
ho o
tani?
|
‘there
is a man’
|
|
|
/a?/ or sometimes
even /a/, a stated before, is used for impersonal constructions, while
/i?/ for personal ones. This is as given in *2.5.2.7.1 (viii) has
to be identified as the third person pronominal /e/.
|
