| In
cases of intransitive or the transitive with inanimate objects, the
scheme will be- |
|
V + M +
C + S
|
or
|
SV + M
+ C
|
sen
k a i
|
|
‘let
me go’
|
sen
ta a i
|
|
‘I
must go’
|
|
|
| or, simply V+C+S,
where the mood is indicative as in hiju? +a+aiN
‘I come’ or ‘I will come’. |
| The full form in
these tenses will be - SV + O + M + C or, V + O + M + C + S in the
case of transitive taking the object, as lelkokaiN
‘may I see them’. If the imperfect taiken is to be suffixed,
it may have any of the following schemes: |
|
V +O+M+S+T2+C
|
|
or
V+O+M+T2+C+S
|
| or SV+O+M+T2+C, where
S is affixed to any word coming before the verb. In case of indicative
mood it is like V+O+S+T2+C etc. |
| (ii) In case
of the definite present the relative positions are different for two
facts, one is that it does not take the mood-suffix and the other
is that the object occurs before the tense-marker, as in the following
scheme - |
|
V+O+T1+C+S, as in
/ dali?tanai/ ‘I beat him’
|
|
or
SV+O+T1+C, as in /heai
daltana/ ‘yes, I beat him’.
|
| While, when the imperfects
are inserted, again there are three alternatives; |
|
V+O+T1+S+T2+C
|
|
or V+O+T1+T2+C+S
|
|
SV+O+T1+T2+C
|
| (iii) In all
other tenses, the schemes of construction are different from the other
two, since all of them have both tense forms as well as the object
is inserted before T1. The mood |
| marker
is taken only in continuative present and anterior past. However,
the scheme in general with animate direct object will be any of the
two: |
|
V+T1+O+M+C+S,
as in /leli?kai/ ‘I might have seen him’
|
|
or SV+T1+O+M+C
|
| In case of the imperfects
there are three alternatives: |
|
V+T1+O+M+S+T2+C
|
|
V+T1+O+M+T2+C+S
|
|
or SV+T1+O+M+T2+C
|
| The above chemes
provided in the form of formulas give the basis for all types of verbal
constructions by changing the V or T, or M or S, as the case may be.
The shifting of positions of the items is predictable depending upon
what aspect/tense it is going to take. |
| 2.4.3.9.
Formation of imperatives: |
| As already stated,
imperatives are formed by suffixing -m,-ben or -pe to the root or
the stem or to the tense-marker, if there is any, for singular, plural
or dual respectively. It occurs with the different tenses in the following
manner: |
| (i) In indeterminate
and simple future: suffixed to the root or the stem, the singular
form is used as /me/ in the intransitive: |
|
seno?me
|
‘go’
|
|
dub me
|
‘sit
down’
|
|
|
| If there is an inanimate
object, the form takes/e/before it. |
|
aueme
|
‘bring
it’
|
|
doeme
|
‘keep
it’
|
|
|
| , however the final/e/
is optionally dropped in such cases. |
(ii) With
the intentional or static future, the form is retained, generally,
as simple /-m/, as in -
|
