| 4.7
Reciprocals : |
Reciprocals are formed
by suffixing /-b /
to the root. |
s nam
|
sbnam
|
|
‘to pull’
|
‘to helf each other to pull’
|
snam
|
sbnam
|
|
‘to dance’
|
‘to dance with each other’
|
dnam
|
dbvnam
|
|
‘to eat’
|
‘to eat together’
|
mk nam
|
|
|
‘to kill’
|
‘to kill together’
|
|
|
| 4.8.
Reflexives : |
| The reflexive base of
the verb is formed by suffixing /-su/ to the verb root. The verb thus
formed indicates an action of which the subject or agent and object
are co referential. In Mising verbs with reflexive bases are only
used with reflexive pronouns. |
|
gėr nam
|
gėr su nam
|
|
‘to work’
|
‘to work oneself’
|
tk
nam
|
tk
su nam
|
|
‘to cut’
|
‘to cut oneself’
|
m
liknam
|
mlik
su nam
|
|
‘to put’
|
‘to put oneself’
|
|
mė nam
|
mė su nam
|
|
‘to think’
|
‘to think for oneself’
|
|
rė nam
|
rė su nam
|
|
‘to bark’
|
‘to bark at oneself’
|
m
tum nam
|
m
tum su nam
|
|
‘to defend’
|
‘to defend oneself’
|
|
|
| Use in sentences : |
|
agėr-dėm
|
n
(awė)
|
gėr su t
|
‘Do the work
|
|
work acc
|
you (self)
|
do self tense
|
yourself’
|
|
bu-lu
|
g
|
su ye
|
‘They will go by
|
|
they
|
go
|
self tense
|
themselves’
|
|
iki
|
dė
|
rasu ka
|
‘The dog barked
|
|
dog
|
the
|
bark self tense
|
at itself’
|
|
|
| 4.9.
Verb classifiers : |
| Like nouns, verb stems
also take a number of classifiers. Verb classifiers are a set of bound
forms which are added to the bare root of the verb. These classifiers
are added only to the motion verbs. On this basis, we can divide verbs
into two classes - |
| a) Motion verbs
- which take verb classifiers. |
| b) Static verbs
- which do not take verb classifiers. |
| A brief description of
motion verbs and their classifiers follows : |
| 1) There are a
set of classifiers which indicate the direction of the action performed
by the agent. These classifiers are - |
| a) Linear movement
indicated by /-k¨/; |
g
nam
|
‘to go’
|
g k
nam
|
‘to cross’
|
knam
|
‘to move’
|
|
‘to cross over’
|
|
|
| b) Upward movement
indicators marked by /-s¨/ |
s
nam
|
‘to lift’
|
s
sį nam
|
‘to lift up’
|
|
rė nam
|
‘to pull’
|
rė sį nam
|
‘to pull up’
|
g
nam
|
‘to go’
|
g
sį nam
|
‘to climb up.
|
|
sśm nam
|
‘to jump’
|
sśm sį nam
|
‘to jump up’
|
|
|
| c) Return or backward
movement indicated by /-lat/ and /-ya/ (The suffix /-lat/ indicates
general movement, /-ya/ indicates specific movement); |
|
bi nam
|
‘to give’
|
bi lat nam
|
‘to give back, return’
|
gnam
|
‘to go’
|
glat
nam
|
/to come back’
|
|
|
