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/-nam/ to the root, which, when placed before a noun, performs the function of an adjective.

gi_-nam
‘to go’
pį-nam
‘to get’
s-nam
‘to pull’
yl-nam
‘to mould’
kį-nam
‘to see’
sśk-nam
‘to spit’
k-nam
‘to sell’
lą-nam
‘to bring’
lś-nam
‘speak’
l-nam
‘to kick’
ti-nam
‘to strike’
yłb-nam
‘to sleep’

4.3. One root stem ;
It is formed with a root plus affix -

Transitive
Intransitive
kį-t
‘sees’
g-t
‘goes'
m-du
‘does’
yłb-dak
‘slept’

4.4. Complex stem :
When the root take a verbal classifier to indicate different semantic classes, the stem form is a complex one.
V   =   Vr   +   classifier   +   affix

g-ya-nam
‘to visit’
g-lat-nam
‘to come back’
s-sa-nam
‘to lift up’
bķ-pak-nam
‘to over-flow’

(Behaviour of verbal classifiers will be dealt with in detail in section 4.9)
4.5. Compound stem :
When two roots join together, compound stems are formed -
V   =   root  +  root  +  affix

knam+mnam
knmnam
disease+to do
‘to wound’
dnam+tnam
dtnam
to eat+to drink
‘to feast’
kinam+mnam
kinmnam
to know to do
‘to explain’
mnam+ayi_nam
myi_nam
to make to please
‘to decorate’
asi pit+zėrnam
water put throw
‘to sprinkle’

4.6. Causatives :
In all case, whether a stem is transitive or intransitive, to form causatives, the verb stem /m*/ ‘to do’ is added to the root.

dnam
dmnam
‘to eat’
‘to feed’
rį nam
rįmnam
‘to bark’
‘to cause to bark’
knam
knmnam
to’ wound’
‘to cause to wound’
gnam
gmnam
‘to go’
to cause to go’
pnam
pmnam
‘to weave’
‘to cause to weave’
ylnam
ylmnam
‘to mould’
‘to cause to mould’
ggnam
ggmnam
‘to wander’
‘to cause to wander’

 

 

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