| 1.4.4.
Ablative |
| It indicates
the source of action performed. It is marked by /-l¨kke/.
|
iskul -lkke
|
gļna ku
|
‘Come back from the school’
|
|
school from
|
come back
|
|
|
|
|
bļ
|
kum
|
lkke
|
gļpakaku
|
‘He went away from
|
|
he
|
house
|
from
|
come back
|
the house’
|
|
bļ gauati
|
lkke
|
lakļmpurpė
|
gļka
|
‘He went to Lakhimpur
|
|
he Gauhati
|
from
|
Laakhimpur
|
went
|
from Gauhati’
|
|
|
| As far as the
ablative case is concerned, this language makes a further distinction
in that it is obligatory to indicate whether the movement from one
place to another is on the same plane, upwards or downwards. The phenomenon
is called "deixis". The deictic markers are as follows :
|
lkke
|
‘level’
|
tkke
|
‘upward’
|
dlkke
|
‘downward’
|
|
|
| /t¨/
and /d¨/ mean up and down respectively.
But the data at this juncture do not permit a conclusive analysis.
Further investigations may throw more light on this. |
| examples - |
|
adi
|
tkke
|
ėli
|
nįt
|
‘Bring stone from (the)
|
|
hill
|
from
|
stone
|
bring
|
hill’
|
abu
|
dlkke
|
|
nįt
|
‘Bring fish from the
|
|
river
|
from
|
fish
|
bring
|
river’
|
|
|
| 1.4.5.
Instrumental |
| It indicates
the means through which an action is performed. It is marked by the
post-position /-s¨@k/. Sometimes
it is not marked overtly. |
|
|
lagbike
|
dśd
|
‘I eat with hand’
|
|
I
|
hand
|
eat
|
|
kke
|
pens k
|
att
|
‘Write with my pen’
|
|
my
|
pen+inst
|
write
|
|
pļ epuksk
|
simy
|
dėm keduač
|
‘He killed the tiger with the arrow’
|
|
he arrow
|
inst
|
tiger acc kill+past
|
|
|
|
| 1.4.6. Locative
: |
| It is the case
of place and time of action, sub-classified as under. |
| 1. Simple
locative-marked with /-l/
|
|
tani
|
kum-l
|
du
|
‘The man is at home’
|
|
man
|
home in at
|
is
|
|
|
|
| 2. Inessive
|
| It expresses
the existence of a thing with special reference to internalization
and is marked by /-arade/ or /-aral¨/.
|
|
gėmpa
|
ara l
|
muruk^
|
du
|
‘The money is inside the basket’
|
|
basket
|
inside
|
money
|
is
|
|
kke
|
aina-rade
|
mėdisagdirė
|
|
‘There is grief inside my heart’.
|
|
my
|
heart inside
|
grief+tense mood/asp
|
|
|
|
|
