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3. Elative
It indicates movement outwards and is marked by /-aral + -kke/

bi
kum
aralkke
gļyėdu
‘He comes out of the house’
he
house
inside from
come back is

1.4.7. Commutative :
It indicates the person or object associated with the subject in the performance of the action. It is marked by /-lN/ or /-kl/.

nkkel
gļyė
‘I shall go with you’
I his 
with
eat

1.4.8. Genitive :
It denotes possession or inter-nominal relationship. Accordingly, genitive can be divided into two sub classes-
1. Possessive
It expresses possession of a thing and is marked by /-kke/. The same marker is used with all subclasses of nouns. However, nonhuman animate and inanimate nouns suffix /-kke/ after the substantive particle /-dė/.

isi
gured-kke
graki
‘This (is the) owner of the horse’
this
horse of
owner
dóńipl-kke
awė
‘The son of the sun and the moon’
sun moon of
son
the 
nekke
sari
isi du
‘The saree of the woman is here’
women of
saree
here is

2. It indicates the relationship of a particular object with another object. The relationship is more or less fixed. In other words, the possession of the object is decided by natural factors such as kinship, relations, body parts, talent, etc.
Noun takes pronominal suffixes before the case marker. For human nouns, pronominal form /-bļ / and, for non human nouns, /-dė/ are added to the noun before the case marker /-kke/, i.e.,
{ bļ }
N    +    { dė }   +   -kke

pįye-bļ-kke
awė
‘the son of Payeng’
payeng p.gen
son
ne-bļ-kke
mittup
‘(the) head of woman’
women p.gen
head
idi-dė-kke
amik
‘eye of the dog’
dog p.gen
eye

However, when the governed noun precedes the governing noun, the case marker is dropped.
1.5. Classifiers
The language makes use of classifiers for denoting the semantic class of the noun. The semantic criteria are (a) the physical characteristics of the object, (b) utility and (c) shape in the descending order of dominance.
(1) Human nouns do not take a classifier.

 

 

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