|
13.
/w/ vs /b/
|
|
/awa /
|
‘east’
|
/aba/
|
‘song’
|
|
|
| 1.3.4.
Tone contrasts |
|
1.
level tone x high tone
|
|
/p t/
|
‘to see’
|
|
‘to steal’
|
/sļr/
|
‘timber’
|
/si_r/
|
‘this morning’
|
|
/gimur/
|
‘cotton’
|
/gķ mur/
|
‘wrong deed’
|
|
/kunam/
|
‘flute’
|
/kśnam/
|
‘sour’
|
|
/ala/
|
‘to fry’
|
/įla/
|
‘get in’
|
/rat/
|
‘to bark’
|
/rįt/
|
‘to boil’
|
|
|
|
2.
Level tone x low tone
|
|
/rat/
|
‘to bark’
|
/rąt/
|
‘excitement of the testicles’
|
/dat/
|
‘foot step’
|
/dątc/
|
‘to lean something against the
wall’
|
/nat/
|
‘to collect’
|
/nąt/
|
‘rooting of a pig’
|
|
|
|
3.
High tone x low tone
|
|
/rįt/
|
‘to boil’
|
/rąt/
|
‘excitement of testicles’
|
|
/įla/
|
‘to get in’
|
/ąla/
|
‘to whistle using fingers’
|
|
/tįkar/
|
‘panther’
|
/tkar/
|
‘star’
|
/dįt/
|
‘to kick’
|
/dąt/
|
‘to lean something against the
wall’
|
|
|
|
1.4. Allophonic distribution |
|
1.4.1 Vowels |
|
It
has two allophones [i] and [I]
|
|
[i]
Occurs initially and medially in high and level tones.
|
|
|
[isi]
|
‘this’
|
|
[ignė]
|
‘husband’
|
|
[tsķkir]
|
‘cold’
|
|
[pimpłt]
|
‘foam’
|
[aziką]
|
‘baby’
|
|
|
|
[I]
Occurs accompanied by low tone and infinal position.
|
|
|
[įdĢ]
|
‘hill’
|
|
[taksĢ]
|
‘cockroach’
|
|
[amĢk]
|
‘eye’
|
|
[adĢn]
|
‘flesh’
|
|
[ėĢwaĢ]
|
‘throw’
|
|
|
| 2.
High mid front vowel /e/ |
|
It
occurs in all positions
|
|
[élļ]
|
‘stone’
|
|
[ditem]
|
‘earth’
|
|
[tsédi]
|
‘creator’
|
|
[rube]
|
‘deaf-mute’
|
|
|
| 3.
High central retroflex vowel /ė/. |
|
In
it production, the dorsum of the tongue is raised towards velum.
The tongue muscles are bunched. It is a retroflex vowel. It has
only one allophone [ ļ ] and it occurs in all positions.
|
|
[iąra]
|
‘family’
|
|
[tatģg]
|
‘toad’
|
[miąda]
|
‘marriage’
|
|
[tumpļ]
|
‘testicle’
|
|
|
| 4.
High mid central retroflex vowel / ė /. |
|
The
tongue is retracted and the blade is raised in the mouth. It is
a retroflex vowel. It has two allophones [ ė ] and [E]. In high
level tone [ ė ] occurs. [E} is a mid-low front vowel, and is accompanied
by a low tone.
|
|
|
[ėsar]
|
‘air’
|
|
[pėkin]
|
‘south’
|
|
[geąnE]
|
‘autumn’
|
|
[sė]
|
‘it’
|
[p ]
|
‘at / to’
|
[nkk]
|
‘your’
|
|
|
