typically with non-motion verbs and
the verb of existence and is indicated by the locative Noun Phrase taking
the suffix /-ząk/.
(42)
/pyawč1
masįząk2
ą3/
Nom Loc [P]
`the bird1 is3
on the tree2 (after having flown from somewhere
and landed on it)’
(43)
/hwč1
mlāząk2 de3/
Nom Loc [P]
`I1 am3 in the village2 (after having
traveled from somewhere and stopped here)’
(iv)
Specific Reference :
This specifies the particular point in space at which or
the environment in which the event or action identified by the verb is
located and is marked by the Noun Phrase taking the suffix /-kyć
/.
(44)
/pyawč1 masįky2
ą3/
Nom Loc [P]
`the bird1 is3
on the tree2’ in the sense of `the bird lives in
the tree’
(45)
/hwč1
mlāky2
de3/
Nom Loc [P]
`I1 am3
in the village2’ in the sense of `I live in the
village’
(v)
Internal-Enclosed :
This case specifies the environment
in which the subject/the action or the event identified by the verb is
located and further specifies that the subject and event are enclosed in the
environment. The case is marked by suffixing /-kw/
to the Noun Phrase representing the environment.
(46)
/pyawč1
tapimkw2
ą3/
Nom Loc [P]
`the bird1
is3
in the cage2’
(47)
/h1
ąkw2 so3/
Nom Loc [P]
`I1 slept3
in the house2’
(vi)
Internal-Open :
This case specifies the environment
in which the subject is situated or the event or action identified by the
verb is taking place and also signifies that the environment is the place
where the subject is expected to be in by natural laws. The case is marked
by suffixing /-kõ/ to the Noun Phrase representing the environment.
yawč1
masį
ząk2
ą3/
wč1
mlāząk2 
2
ą3/
/
to the Noun Phrase representing the environment.
