which may either precede or follow the verb. The post verb adjuncts
consist of the valence-role marker, the aspect marker, the mood
marker, the tense marker, the continuous participle marker, the
conjunctive participle marker and the negative marker. The adverb
may either precede or follow the verb. The verb phrase may contain
the verb alone, which may be finite or nonfinite.
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18 |
1. |
ocü
rü1
le2
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it
will2
rain1
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2. |
kokho1
heino2
rashü3
to-o bu3
-e4
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Kokho1
is eating4
a mango2
(fruit)3
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3. |
cokhoni1
opa2
kali3
hra-lo- i-e4
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Chokhoni1
plucked 4
(a) flower2
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4. |
a1
pfüno2
ayi3
ora ro-i4
le5
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my1
mother2
will5
get angry with4
me3 |
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5. |
kaisa1
südeni-no2
ta3
le4
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Kaisa1
will4
go3
the day after2
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6. |
ai1
osi so2
to-we3 |
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I1
eat3
dog-meat2
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7. |
koshia1
a2
mo3
mo-e4 |
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Koshia1
(is) not4
my 2
daughter-in-law 3 |
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8. |
pfo1
hehi2
vu3
-a-molo-e4
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she1
might4
come3
here2
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9. |
ni1
oloso2
moli shü-e3
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you
(sg.)1
must3
sing2
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10. |
alemo1
vu2
-li 3 |
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if
3
Alemo1
comes2
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11. |
to-lo |
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eat
I |
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12. |
heni1
pfo2
te3
-ko-e0
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Heni
1
(is) his2
grandson3
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13. |
ta(le)
shi-e |
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let
us go |
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14. |
ai1
hayi2
sho able3
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I1
choose to drink3
ricebeer2
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15. |
hobu1
hrü-ko-ru2
duno3
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for3
buying 2
rice1
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16. |
ai1
sada2
cü co mo-e3 |
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I1
do not smoke3
(cigarettes)2
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17. |
larü1
modo le o
2 |
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in
order to2
study1
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18. |
pfoyi
(peno)1
mata-o2 |
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let3
him1 go2
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6.4. The Clause
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A clause is built
up of a verb phrase and one or more noun phrases,
or in a word, of a predicate phrase. A clause
may be either a main clause or subordinate clause. |
6.4.1.
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A main clause is built up of a finite verb phrase and one or more
noun/verb phrases preceding it, or, of a finite predicate phrase
expounded by the verb phrase alone as in the first five examples
below. |
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19. |
1. |
avu-lo-i-e
|
‘ate
food’ |
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2. |
lo1
le2
|
will
2
go down1
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3. |
sho-ab-le
|
‘choose
to drink’ |
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4. |
ta-ti-e
|
‘has’have
gone away’ |
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5. |
kolamüi1
-ko-e0
|
(are/am/is)(a)plainsman1
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6. |
ai1
ni-yi2
ni-e3
|
I1
saw3
you (sg.)2 |
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7. |
ai1
ni2
cü3
ni-e4
|
I1
saw4
your (sg.)2
house4
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8. |
ai
ni (-yi) ye ni cümüi -yi ni-e |
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I
saw you (sg.) and your (sg.) wife
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9.
|
ai
idu ni-(yi) ye ni cümüi-yi ni-e |
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I
saw you (sg.) and your (sg.) wife yesterday
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10. |
ai
idu ni-(yi) ye ni cümüi-yi bazar -lino
ni-e |
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I
saw you (sg.) and your (sg.) wife in
(the) bazar yesterday |
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11. |
raku
shü-o ai idu ni (-yi) ye ni cümüi-yi
bazar -lino ni-e |
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unfortunately1,
I2 saw10 you(sg.)4 and5 your(sg.)4 wife6
in8 (the)baza8 yesterday3 |
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6.4.2.
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A subordinate clause is also built up of a finite predicate phrase
; but, unlike a main clause, it ends with a ‘subordinator’ which
renders the clause incomplete both grammatically and semantically.
A subordinate clause, unlike a main clause, then, does not
constitute a sentence (cf. 6.6.0 for a definition of
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