6.3.
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The Predicate Phrase
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A predicate phrase may be built up of a noun phrase and/or verb
phrase. The internal composition of the noun phrase is not
sensitive to its external (i.e., syntactic) role. Put differently,
its composition is the same whether it functions aas the subject
or as (part of) a predicate phrase. |
6.3.1.
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When the predicate phrase is an affirmative noun phrase, it is
marked morphologically by -ko added to the predicate phrase. |
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14. |
1. |
 ipüi-i1
imemüi2
-ko-e0
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she1
(is) (a) Mao Naga2
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2. |
lohi1
iniu -o2
-ko0
-se3
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that1
(is) only3
(a) small village2 |
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3. |
hihi1
a2
zhu3
-ko0-e3
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this1
(is) my2
name3
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4. |
lohi1
nana pro2
-ko-e0
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that1
(is) nanapro2
, a kind of grass |
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5. |
lohi1
ata2
iniu3
-ko-e0
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that1
(is) our (excl. pl. & excl. prn.)2
village3
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6. |
adimüi1
-ko-e0
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what
village/community-man
1 (is he) ? |
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(=
which village/community does he belong
to?) |
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7. |
ahie1
-ko-e0
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who1
(is) it ? |
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8. |
pfo1
pfokrehrü2
-ko-e0 |
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he1
(is) Pfokrehrü2
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9. |
hihi1
adi2
-ko-e0 |
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what2
(is) this1
? |
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10. |
ata1
sahra2
kohõ(na-hi)3
-ko-e0
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our
(excl.pl. & excl. prn.)1
flag2 (is) the
red one3
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11. |
osa
koso bo-na-hi1
a2
na3
-ko-e0
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the
tallest1
(is) my2
child3
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12. |
ico1
shüpüi-ko-o-hi2
a3
cümüi4
-ko-e0
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the
one who spoke2
now1
(is) my3
wife4
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13. |
pfo-no1
no2
onao3-ko0
(-e(?)) ikocu4
sü-we5
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he1
knows5
you(sg.) 2
as4
(a) child 3 |
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-ko marking is a good diagnostic tool
to detect whether a predicate phrase is a noun
phrase (i.e., whether the sentence is an equational
sentence) or a verb phrase :
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15 |
1. |
hihi1
motsü-e2 |
this1
is necessary2
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2. |
hihi1
motsü2
-ko-e0 |
this1
(is) (a) necessity2
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ø in
place of -ko is much less elegant.
The only exception to this rule of equational
sentence marking is when either of the subject
noun phrase or the predicate noun phrase
is headed by the word zhu ‘name’. |
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16 |
*1. |
a11
zhu2
ashuli3
-ko-e0
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my1
name2
(is) Ashuli 3 |
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*2. |
ni1
zhu2
ahie3
-ko-e0
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what
(lit. who)3
(is) your1
name2
? |
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*3. |
ashuli1
pfo2
zhu3
-ko-e0
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Ashuli1
(is) his2
name3
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It is important to note that -ko does not mark a predicate phrase
if it is expounded by a negative noun phrase. That is, -ko does
not mark negative equational sentences.
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17 |
*1a. |
hihi1
a2
zhu3
mo4
-koe0
/-ko0
mo-e4
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this
1
(is) not4
my2
name3
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b. |
hihi1
a2
zhu3
mo-e4
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*2a. |
lohi1
nana pro2
mo3
-ko-e0
/-ko0
mo-e3
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that1
(is) not3
nana pro2
, a kind of grass |
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b. |
lohi
1
nana pro2
mo-e3
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*3a. |
pfo1
pfokrehrü2
mo3 -ko-e0
/ -ko0
mo-e3
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he1
(is) not3
Pfokrehrü 2 |
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b. |
pfo1
pfokrehrü2
mo-e3
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*4a. |
ata1
sahra2
kohõ(-na-hi)3
mo3
-ko-e0
/-ko0
mo-e4
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our
(excl. pl. & excl. prn.)1
flag 2
(is) not4
the red one3
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b. |
ata1
sahra2
kohõ(-na-hi)3
mo-e4 |
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*5a. |
ico1
shüpüi-ko-o-hi2
a3
cümüi4
mo5
-ko-e0
/-ko0
mo-e5 |
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the
one who spoke 2
now1
(is) not5
my3
wife4
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b. |
ico
shüpüi-ko-o-hi a cümüi mo-e
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6.3.2.
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The verb phrase, used in a restricted, superficial sense, is built
up of a verb, which is the nucleus of a verb phrase, and certain
other verbal adjuncts
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