|
In the purely information-confirming
|
| 314 |
izho1
mo2
-do3 |
| |
today1
; is not2
it ?3
|
|
there is an expectation that the answer will be
in the negative so that
|
|
a. |
ove1
izho-e2
‘yes1
, today2
|
|
is not a possible response but the other three
responses are possible
|
| b. |
ove1
izho2
mo-e3
|
yes1
, not3
today2 |
| |
|
|
| c. |
mo-e1
izho-e2
|
no1
, today2
|
| |
|
|
| d. |
mo-e1
izho2
mo-e3
|
no1
, not3
today2
|
|
Finally, ida
‘o.k.?’ and odo, õdo and ndo
‘isn’t that so ?’ are used as discourse-final
response-elicitors. The former viz. ida
elicits-in particular, expects-a positive opinion
for a nonlinguistic action, (it typically follows
imperative, for instance), and the latter is for
confirmation in linguistic performance, a tag
question. Both forms evoke the same form as the
negative response viz. (o)mo-e ‘no’,
but different forms as positive responses:
|
|
315 |
A: |
ida
|
‘o.k. ?’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
B: |
{
* o } |
|
| |
|
{
e } |
‘it’s o.k.
; all right’ |
| |
|
{
* ove} |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
A: |
odo/õdo/ndo |
‘isn’t
that so ?’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
B: |
{
o } |
|
| |
|
{
* e } |
‘yes’ |
| |
|
{
ovu-e/ove } |
|
|
e, the right response to the stimulus
ida, could also be a discourse-ending
response to indicatives
|
| 316. |
A: |
kralo
shu-e |
‘thanks
very much’ |
|
|
|
|
|
B: |
e
|
‘o.k.’ |
|
|
|
|
|
A: |
ai
mikrüli lo le |
I
will go down to Imphal |
|
|
|
|
|
B: |
e
o.k.’ |
|
|
3.4.15.
|
The
Adverb |
|
The Mao Naga adverb
can be classified into five classes: (a) the morphologically
derived class: this has two sub-classes (i) where
the derivative prefix is ma and (ii)
where the derivative prefix is mo- (b) the continuous
participle of the verb funcitoning as adverb (c)
verbal absolute from functioning as adverb (d)
non-verbal absolute form functioning as adverb
and (e) sentential adverb, occurring in the typical
post-subject position. |
(a) the morphologically derived adverb. The derivative
prefix is ma if the verb has a nonback vowel in
it except when the nonback vowel follows a lateral.
It is mo elsewhere |
|
(i) ma-
|
| 317 |
zhü
|
‘be good’
|
ma-zhü |
‘well’ |
| |
shü |
‘be
bad’ |
ma-shü
|
‘badly’ |
| |
ri |
‘be
in front’ |
ma-ri
|
‘before’ |
|
(ii) mo-
|
| 318
|
so |
‘be
long’ |
mo-so
|
‘long (adv)’ |
| |
zho
|
‘be much(mass)’ |
mo-zho
|
‘much (adv.)’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
(note that osa so ‘be tall’ does not
derive into osa mo-so ‘tall(ly) (adv)’)
|
|
so |
‘be
hot’ |
mo-so
|
‘hot (adv)’ |
|
lü |
‘be
hot’ |
so mo-lü
|
‘hot (adv)’ |
|
pro |
‘be
much (count)’ |
mo-pro
|
‘much (adv)’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
(b) the continuous participial adverb
|
| 319
|
1. |
pfota1
hri-o2
ovo so-we3 |
| |
|
they (excl.pl.)1
work3
enduring hardships2
|
| |
|
|
| |
2. |
pfo1
asa-o2
ta-ţi-e3
|
| |
|
she1
went away3
happily2
|
| |
|
|
| |
3. |
cako1
caki-te-o2
pe3
|
| |
|
Chakho1
spoke3
very cleverly2
|
| |
|
|
| |
4. |
nagamüi1
okhro zhü-o2
oru3
kozü-e4
|
| |
|
(the) Nagas1
fought4
(the) war3
bravely2 |
| |
|
|
| |
5. |
ai1
hihe2
mala-te-o3
ni-lo-e4 |
| |
|
I1
got4
this2
very easily3
|
|
