4. |
to-hi |
eat here and now |
|
|
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5. |
saba1
ba-hi2 |
wear2
the shawl1 here
and now2 |
|
|
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6. |
cihi1
rühi2 |
write2
(a) letter 1
here and now 2 |
|
|
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7. |
larübvü
phrohi |
read2
(the) book here and now1
|
|
|
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8. |
ni sa mani-hi |
show3
your1 shawl2
here and now3
|
|
|
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9. |
kro1
bu-hi2 |
sit2
down1 here and
now 2 |
|
|
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10. |
ala-hi |
stand up here and
now |
|
|
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11. |
hayi1
sho-hi2 |
drink2
ricebeer1
here and now 2 |
|
|
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12. |
ayi1
macü-hi2 |
kiss2
me1 here and
now2 |
|
|
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13. |
acu-hi |
dress up here and
now |
|
|
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14. |
pe-hi |
speak/tell here and
now |
|
With time (and space) specified, hi ceases to be
a here-and-now imperativizer, but it nonetheless carries
a sense of earnestness, urgency, intensity of the desired
action :
|
180 |
1. |
cahra-no1 oca2
so-hi3 |
|
|
do1 (some) tea2
in the afternoon 1 |
|
|
|
|
2. |
baji1 coku2
phacü-no3 ni4 cü5
he6 pra7 to-hi8 |
|
|
eat8 (the) medicine7
at6 (your)4 home5
at3 72
o’clock3 |
|
|
|
|
3. |
cükropüi1 ni2
ayi3larübvü4 pi-hi5
|
|
|
you2 give5
me3 (the) book 4 in the
evening1 |
|
Finally, a possible candidate
for being an imperative marker is -da of ida ‘o.k.?’, used typically for
people of lower rank, subordinates, children and the like. Only
exceptionally could it be used for people higher in some sense than the
speaker, to parents, for instance, when children take on the role of
knowledgeable superiors.
|
181. |
1. |
(adi) khüi vu-da come back; ok.? |
|
|
|
|
2. |
cohõ bo hiho-da
cook something and keep, o.k.? |
|
That it can co-occur with or bear a relation of
sequence or context rather than of choice or contrast with, for instance,
the prohibitive renders it an unsuccessful candidate.
|
182. |
1. |
ni1
hihi2 so3
-sho4 -da5
|
you1
do not4 do3
this2, o.k.?5 |
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
lohe1ta2
-sho3 -da4 |
do not3
go2 there1
, o.k.?4 |
|
|
|
|
|
3. |
ayi 1
ahre pi2
-sho3 -da4 | do2
not3 put
me1 to
shame2 ,
o.k.?4
|
|
|
|
|
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4. |
mada1
-sho2 -da3
| do not2
lie1 ,
o.k. ?3 |
|
|
|
|
|
5. |
opro-i1
to2 -sho3
-da4 | do not3
eat2 the
medicine1
, o.k.?4 |
|
In which case, the affirmative
imperatives illustrating da above must be analyzed
as v+imp (=O)+da.
I am not entirely sure of this although I am inclined
to think the analysis is on the right track, because
as we saw, adi khüi vu-da ‘come back’, o.k.?
is not adi khüi vu+O
(imp) + da as there’s no imperative adi khüi vu
(cf. 154.6).
|
3.4.6.30.
|
The Incompletive |
This
mood is named inadequately for want of better expression,
as the incompletive. It is not the exact opposite
of the mood of completion. It indicates that although
the action is physically complete, the speaker expects
something to be done with it further, or more generally,
the speaker thinks the action is still currently relevant.
It is marked by hiho.
|
|