-lo marks the imperative
mood when the action typically lasts a considerable while,
is a regular routine, is continual, habitual etc. Thus,
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163. |
1. |
opi2
ku-lo1 |
comb (your) hair1
(as a regular routine head (habit)) |
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2. |
opi ku-o1 |
comb your hair1,
(it is dishevelled, tousled, head matted, dirty
now) |
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3. |
odzĆ¼ akhrĆ¼-lo
|
keep yourself
washed |
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4. |
odzĆ¼ akhrĆ¼-o |
wash yourself |
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(now because you look
dirty or something) |
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5. |
cĆ¼khu1
khu-lo2 |
keep2
(the) door1 closed
, keep |
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closing it whenever
you go out |
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6. |
cĆ¼khu1
khu-o2 |
close2
(the) door1 (which
is suggestion to close once) |
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7. |
ni1
sa2 mani-lo3
|
keep/be showing3
your (sg.)1 clothes2
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8. |
ni1
sa2 mani-o3 |
show3
your (sg.)1 clothes2
once |
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9. |
sodu1
soda-lo-da |
be ready2
tomorrow1 , o.k.2
? |
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10. |
larĆ¼1
phro-lo2 |
read2
books1 |
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11. |
imela1
modo-lo2 |
study 2
Mao1 |
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12. |
mono-lo |
marry ! |
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13. |
ni1
sa2 ba-lo3 |
wear
3 your (sg.)1
clothes2 |
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14. |
omĆ¼1
komĆ¼-lo 2 |
close2
(your) mouth1
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15. |
ohi1
hru-lo2 |
open2
(your)2 eyes1
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16. |
cu-lo |
keep running ! |
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17.
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ayi1
sa-lo2 |
take2
me1 |
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18. |
oca1
so-lo2 |
make2
(some) tea1
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While it can very well become a peremptory command with
the right intonation, it could be sharp and direct without
being disrespectful or brusque. Further, whenever there
could be a contrast, lĆ³ would mean the benefit of
the desired, requested action is the doerā€™s i.e., the addresseeā€™s
while l
would mean that both the interlocutors stand to benefit
from the action.
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164 |
1. |
so-ló |
ā€do (it) (the benefit
is yours)ā€™ |
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2. |
so-l
|
ā€do (it) (the benefit
is ours (incl. du.))ā€™ |
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-pihio
is the most polite of all imperative markers. It is polite
even without the adverb zhĆ¼mazhio ā€kindlyā€™ : It
is an intrinsic supplication. It can not become a command,
whatever the intonation. It is composed of pi ā€to
giveā€™, the VR marker and -hio, the peremptory imperativizer.
Because of the presence of pi, pihio would mean that someone
other than the doer of the action is the beneficiary of
the action. This may be said to give the imperative marker
its meaning of politeness, although this does not square
with the fact that pi-o is less polite than
pi-hio even as -o the imperativizer proper
in pi-o is more polite than -hi9o
the imperativizer proper in pi-hi9o.
Note in the illustrations below that even without zhĆ¼mazhio
ā€kindlyā€™, utterances with pihi9o
are appropriately glossed with ā€kindlyā€™ ; pleaseā€™ (cf. also
examples in Onia 1978 : 35).
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165. |
1. |
oca1
sho pih o2 |
kindly/please have2
tea1 |
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2. |
odzĆ¼1
pfo piho2
|
kindly/please take
away2 (the) water
1 |
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3. |
pfo-yi1
mono-p iho2 |
kindly/please marry2
her1 |
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4. |
ni1
larĆ¼bvĆ¼2 phro
piho3 |
kindly/please read3
your (sg.)1 books(s)
2 |
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5. |
okho1
bo piho2
|
kindly/please cook2
fish 1 |
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6. |
lire1
khe2 piho3 |
kindly/please bake2
bread1 |
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7. |
ta piho |
please go away |
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8. |
avu piho
|
please have food |
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9. |
ovo1
hiniahi2 so piho3 |
please do3
this2 work1
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| Understandable
exceptions to verb staking the imperativizers, pi-o and
pihio are verbs which have pi ā€to giveā€™ as their componential
parts. These can take neither pi-o nor pihio. |
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165 |
.10. |
imela
modo pio |
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teach Mao |
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imela modo
pihio |
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modo pi is a compound verb, the component
parts meaning respectively ā€learnā€™ and ā€giveā€™. |
- o,
a sharper imperativizer than -,
has the attendant meaning of a relatively long duration
of action.
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