| 10.
|
ai1
indira gaandi-yi2
ni-o ie3 |
|
‘I1
have seen3 Indira
Gandhi 2 (so
I will not come now to see her or something)’ |
|
|
| 11. |
ai1
pfo2 oko3
hinahi4 ayi5
pe-oie6
|
|
‘my1
father2 has told6
me5 this4
story 3 (so
don’t narrate the same story to me or something)’ |
| |
|
| 12. |
lijisa-no1
osa2 inai3
sübvü4 -likhi5
ho-oie6
|
|
‘Lijisa1
has kept6 that3
cloth2 in (the)
box4 (so don’t
worry about it or something)’ |
| |
|
| 13. |
pfo-no1
omüi-yi2 duno3
thi-oie4 |
| |
‘he1
has died4 for3
people2 (so he
has nothing more to accomplish or something)’ |
| |
|
| 14. |
·ili1
·elli2
-li3 vu-oie4
|
| |
‘Dili1
has been4 to3
Delhi2 (so he
will not come now or something)’ |
|
Notice the last two
examples which have intransitive predicates. |
|
|
(2)
|
Accomplishment : With
some verbs, o i
takes on the meaning of accomplishment. |
| 87 |
ai1
okhe2 kali3
soha-oie4
|
| |
I1
have killed4
a3 tiger2
|
|
|
(3)
|
Thoroughness : oi
implies thoroughness of action. |
|
88. |
1. |
ai1
pfo2 cü3
hu-oie4
I1 have
visited4 his2
house3 as a guest4
|
| |
|
lit. I1
have guested4
his2 house3
|
| |
|
|
|
|
2. |
bas-no ayi
she-oie
‘(the) bus hit me |
| |
|
|
| as
opposed to |
|
|
|
|
1a. |
ai1
pfo2 cü3
hue4 |
| |
|
I1
visited4 his2
house3 as a guest4
|
| |
|
lit. I1
guested4 his2
house3 |
| |
|
|
|
|
2a. |
bas-no1
ayi2 she3
|
| |
|
(the)4
bus1 hit3
me2 |
|
would mean respectively that the
subject enjoyed the hospitality thoroughly dilatorily by probably staying
there for a couple of days and that there was a touch of thoroughness
about the accident, it probably being a head-on contact whereas the aorist
forms by contrast indicate no thoroughness: that the subject visited the
house for an insignificantly brief period of time, for a few moments and
that the bus no more than grazes past the object in a side-on contact. |
(4)
|
Accidentalness; oi
could imply accidentalness with some verbs. |
|
89 |
1. |
bas-no1
izho2 ayi3
she-oie4
|
| |
|
the bus1
hit4 me3
(accidentally)4
today 2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
2. |
bas-no1
izho2 ayi3
she4
|
| |
|
(the) bus1
hit4 the3
today2 (the driver
doing it deliberately) 4 |
| |
|
|
|
|
3. |
omi-no1
anao-yi2
di-oie3
|
| |
|
(the) fire1
happended to touch3
(the) child2
|
| |
|
|
|
*3 |
a. |
omi-no1
onao-yi2
die3 |
| |
|
(the) fire1
touched3 the
child2 (deliberately3)
|
|
The following which present transitive verbs being marked
for the perfective by -*i, are all ungrammatical
:
|
|
|
These forms are, however, felicitous in another
sense. See 3.4.6.24, the Mood of Unexpected, Surprising Action. |
Future perfective is indicated by the future
tense marker le followed by oi,
i, one of the perfective aspect markers
for intransitive verbs, does not occur in the future tense.
|
|
91 |
1. |
pfo1
khi vu-oi2
le3 |
| |
|
he1
will3 have come
back2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
*2. |
pfo khi
vu-i
le6 |
|
|
|
|
6. |
pfo1
khi vu-i
2 le3
would mean |
| |
|
he1 will be3
coming back2
|
|
