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  *li-phru ‘to break, cause a crack by pressing with hands’
     
  li-phru  ‘break cause a crack by whittling’
     
  cüli-phru  ‘to break by pressing with fingers’
     
  *te-phru  ‘to break, cause a crack by pulling’
     
  *püi-phru  
     
  di-phru  ‘cause a crack by the impact of touching’
     
  de-phru  ‘to break, cause a crack by striking with an edged
    instrument’
     
  *he-phru  ‘break, cause a crack by blowing’
     
  ve-phru  ‘break, cause a crack by hook-like action’
     
  se-phru  ‘break, cause a crack by pounding’
     
  kozhü-phru  ‘break, cause a crack by chafing’
     
  bi-phru ‘break, cause a crack by striking with the body
    part of leg’
     
  vüi-phru ‘break, cause a crack while or after sweeping’
     
  kokha-phru  ‘break, cause a crack by crushing with a solid entity’
     
  va-phru  ‘break, cause a crack by sawing’
     
  khru-phru  ‘break, cause a crack in terms of spear-like action’
     
  cu-phru  ‘break, cause a crack with teeth’
     

29.

 apra  ‘tear (as paper etc.)’ (intr.)
     
  so-phra  ‘tear (generic as to manner) (tr)
     
  bi-phra  ‘tear 1. in terms of scissors - like action
     

 

 

  2.by (the) sandwiching (impact of) between two object’
     
  da-phra ‘tear by hammering with a pole etc.’
     
  li-phra  ‘tear by pressing with hands’
     
  li-phra  ‘tear by whittling’
     
  cüli-phra ‘tear by pressing with fingers; by crumpling’
     
  te-phra  ‘tear by pulling at the object with hands’
     
  püi-phra  ‘tear by pulling at the object with an instrument (eg.
    hook, rope, etc.)’
     
  di-phra ‘tear by (the impact of) touching’
     
  ?de-phra ‘tear by striking with an edged instrument’
     
  he-phra  ‘tear by blowing’
     
  ve-phra  ‘tear with hook-like action’
     
  se-phra ‘tear by pounding’
     
  kozhü-phra ‘tear by chafing’
     
  i-phra  ‘tear by striking with the body part of leg’
  vüi-phra  ‘tear as while sweeping’
     
  kokha-phra  ‘tear by crushing with a solid object’
     
  ?va-phra  ‘tear by sawing’
     
  *khru-phra  ‘tear by spear-like action’
     
  cu-phra  ‘tear with teeth’

It is to be noted that manner-markers are not from a set stock; manner-marking is productive: rü-phra, for instance, means ‘tear by/while writing’, meaning ‘to write’
 

1.

a(iii)    
       

 

30.  adu ‘break, cut (as rope, wire etc.) (intr.)’
       
    so-du ‘break, cut (generic as to manner)’ (tr.)
       
    bi-du ‘break, cut (a) in terms of scissors-
      like action (b) in terms of the impact
      of sandwiching between two objects’
       
       
    da-du ‘break, cut by hammering with a pole etc.’
       
    ?li-du ‘break, cut by pressing with hands’
       
    rü-du/li-du ‘break, cut by whittling’
       
    ?cüli-du ‘break, cut by fingers’
       
    te-du ‘break, cut by pulling at the object with hands’
       
    püi-du ‘break, cut by pulling at the object with an instrument (eg. hook, rope etc.)’
       
    ?di-du ‘break, cut by touching’
       
    de-du ‘break, cut with an edged instrument’
       
    *he-du ‘break, cut by blowing’
       
    ve-du ‘break, cut in terms of hook-like action’
       
    se-du ‘break, cut by pounding’
       
    kozhü-du ‘break, cut by chafing’
       
    *bi-du ‘break, cut by striking with the body part of leg’
       
    vüi-du ‘break, (eg. cobwebs) while sweeping’
       
    koka-du ‘break, cut by crushing with a solid object’
       
    va-du ‘break, cut by sawing’
       
    khru-du ‘break, cut in terms of spear-like action’
       
    khrü-du/cu-du

 

‘break, cut with teeth’

 

 
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