|
c. |
jisu1
vu2 pi-e3
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|
Jesus1
came2 for us3
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*jisu1
vu2 -o3
- i-e2
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|
d. |
pfo1
he2 pe3
pio4 |
|
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tell3
4 him1 2
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e. |
ai1
kheto2 to3
pi-e4 |
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|
I1
ate3 rice2
for someone other |
than the
subject (i.e. I)4
|
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f. |
pfo-no1
vüho2
zhu pie3 |
|
|
he1
sold3 banana2
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|
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|
g. |
pfo-no1
a2 he-hi3
cihi4
kali5 ru pi-e6
|
|
|
she1
wrote6 (to)3
me2 a5
letter4 |
|
|
|
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|
h. |
a1
püi-no2 atamüi-yi3
rashü4 hrü pi-e5
|
|
|
my1
grandma2 bought5
us3 fruits4
|
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|
|
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|
i. |
besü-no1
atamüiyi2 duno3
baibl4 phro pi-e5
|
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|
Besü1
read5 (for)3
us2 (the) Bible4
|
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|
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|
j. |
a1
kasana-no2 kasha3
cüro/cüa4 ayi
5 cope pi-e6
|
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|
my1
friend2 lent6
me5 104
rupees3 |
|
|
Examples 16j and 17i illustrate dramatically the difference
between -lo and pi: the phonemic sequence
cope means ‘borrow’ with the addition of the suffix -lo,
and means ‘lend’ with pi following. Note that the
two are morphotactically mutually exclusive although they
are not incompatible notionally. That is, one could be eating
for instance, taking into onself things but for somebody
else’s sake, to humour somebody else :
|
|
18 |
*a. |
ai
1 opro2
to-lo3 pi-e4
|
| |
|
I1
ate3 medicine2
for somebody else, to oblige, placate |
| |
|
somebody else4
|
| |
|
|
|
|
*b. |
a1
kasana-no2 kasha3
cüro/cüa4 ayi5
cope pi6 -lo-e7
|
| |
|
my1
friend2 lent6
me5 ten4
rupees3 (so that
he could be the |
| |
|
receiver of some unspecified
benefit) |
|
3.
|
- i
marks, redundantly and obligatorily, intransitive,
possibly two-participant process or stative verbs expressive
of nonprogressive physiological (not physical) states, processes,
mental attributes. |
| |
|
mara |
‘be crazed, mad’ |
| |
|
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|
19 |
a. |
pfo1
mara-i-e2
|
he1
is crazed/mad2
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
b. |
pfo1
mara-i2
le3 |
he1
will3 be crazed/mad
2 |
| |
|
|
|
ora
ro |
‘be angry’ |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
{
ara } |
|
|
20. |
a. |
ai
{ } |
ro-ie
‘I am angry’ |
| |
|
{
ora } |
|
| |
|
{
ara } |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
b. |
ai
{ } |
ro-ie
‘I will be angry’ |
| |
|
{
ora } |
|
| |
|
|
|
zhü
|
‘melt’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
21 |
a. |
cini-hi1
odzü2-li3
zhü-i-we4
|
|
| |
|
sugar1
melts4 in3
water2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
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|
b. |
cini-hi1
odzü2 -li3
zhü-ie4
|
|
| |
|
sugar1
melted4 in3
water2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
d. |
cini-hi1
odzü2 -li3
zhü-i4
le5 |
|
| |
|
sugar1
will5 melt4
in3 water2
|
|
| |
|
|
|
adu
|
‘to break’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
22. |
a. |
ori1
adu-ie2
|
(the) rope1
broke2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
b. |
ori1
adu-i2
le3 |
(the) rope1
will3 break
2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
ole mazhi |
‘be sad’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
23. |
a. |
loli1
ole mazhi-ie2
|
Loli1
is sad2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
b. |
loli1
ole mazhi-i2
le3 |
Loli1
will3 be sad
2 |
| |
|
|
|
kophrü |
‘to flash (as
lightning)’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
24 |
a. |
ocü1
kophrü-ie2
|
lightning flashed
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
b. |
ocü1
kophrü-i2
le3 |
lightning1
will3 flash2
|
| |
|
|
|
aca
|
‘to collapse (as bridge)’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
25 |
a. |
oprü1
aca-ie2 |
(the) bridge1
collapsed2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
b.
|
oprü1
aca-i
2 le3
|
(the) bridge1
will3 collapse2
|
|
