| 423
|
a. |
ni1
zhu2 a hie-i-we3
|
‘what3
(is) your1 name2
?’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
b. |
ni1
si2 zhu3
ahie-i-we4 |
‘what4
(is) your1 dog’s2
name3 ?’ |
| |
|
|
|
| |
c. |
pfo1
tukrü2 zhu3
ahie-i-we4 |
‘what4
(is) his1 cow’s2
name3 ?’ |
| |
|
|
|
| |
d. |
pfo1
kosa2 zhu3
ahie-i-we4 |
‘what4
(is) his1
cat’s2 name3
? |
| |
|
|
|
|
ko- |
‘wh’ |
can
be inflected for gender and |
human person |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
ko-püi
/ ka-püi |
‘who
(hum. fem.)’ |
| |
|
ko-müi
/ ka-müi |
‘who
(human-person)’ |
| |
|
ko-na
/ ka-na |
‘which
(material entity) ; |
| |
|
|
who
(hum. masc.)’ |
|
In addition, various other contentives can be added to the
wh- base ko/ka
|
| ko(hi)bvü-o |
how (manner) |
= |
wh + like |
| |
|
|
|
| ko-pha |
what time? |
= |
wh + time |
| |
|
|
|
| ko-li |
where(general) |
= |
wh + loc. case marker |
| |
|
|
|
| ko-he |
where(specific) |
= |
wh + place |
| |
|
|
|
| ko-püi |
towards which |
= |
wh + direction marker |
| |
|
|
|
| ko-cü |
when |
= |
wh + time |
| |
|
|
|
| |
Other question words are |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| adi cü |
‘where’ |
= |
what + place |
| |
|
|
|
| adi vano/adi duno |
‘why’ |
= |
what + for |
| |
|
|
|
| adi soo/adi sono |
‘why’ |
= |
what + to do |
| |
|
|
|
| adi doso/kodokoso |
‘how ; how come’ |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| cüdu |
‘when’ |
|
|
|
The difference between adi vano/adi duno on the
one hand and ad soo/adi sono on the other is that
the first set is a matter-of-fact why while the second carries
a disapproving overtone. Thus,
|
| 424. |
ni1
adi vano / duno2
vu-e3 |
‘why2
did3 you1
come3 ?’ |
| |
|
(matter-of-fact) |
| |
|
|
| 425 |
ni1
adi soo/sono2
vu-e3 |
‘what the hell2
did3 you1
come3 |
| |
|
(here) for (= you should not |
| |
|
have come here) ?’ |
| |
|
lit. you came to do what? |
|
adi doso/kodokoso on the third hand, expresses
asurprised ‘why’.
|
| 426 |
ni1
adi doso/kodokoso2
vu-e3 |
‘how did it happen that2
you1 came3
?’ |
|
3.3.6.4.
|
The Reflexive Pronoun |
Any personal,
deictic and nondeictic pronoun can be made reflexive in
Mao by suffixing -la or postposing ala ‘self’
to it or a phrase headed by it. The two modes are freely
variant. Reflexive pronouns, like in English, are also used
for conveying emphasis.
|
| ai
|
‘I’ |
a-la |
‘myself’ |
ai ala |
| |
|
|
|
|
| ni
|
‘you (sg.)’
|
ni-la |
‘yourself’ |
ni ala |
| |
|
|
|
|
| ahi) |
‘we (du. incl.)’ |
ahĩ-la
|
‘ourselves’ |
ahĩla |
| |
|
|
|
|
| akhrumüi |
‘we (excl.prn.&
excl. pl.) |
akhrumüi-la
|
‘ourselves’ |
akhrumüi ala |
| |
|
|
|
|
| atamüi |
‘we(excl.prn.&
excl.pl) |
atamüila |
‘ourselves’ |
atamüi ala |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| 427. |
{hipüihi1
-la2} |
|
|
|
| |
{
} |
{ } ta-e3 |
|
|
| |
{ hipüihi1
ala2
} |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
she1
went3
herself2 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| 428 |
atamüi1
kosü2-la3so-e4 |
‘three2
of us |
(excl.prn.& |
excl.
pl.)1 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
atamüi1
kosü2 ala3
so-e4 |
did4itourselves3 |
|
|
|
The following illustrate relfexive pronouns in
their reflexive function (except the last one). Note that reflexive pronouns
do not take case markers directly. Case markers are added or postponed to (nonreflexive)
pronoun auxiliaries which follow reflexives
|
| 429
|
a. |
nihĩ1
ala2 ni-yi3
soha-lo4 |
kill4
yourselves (du.)1 2 3
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
b. |
(ata)1
ala2 ata-yi3
izhu-lo-ie4
|
we (excl. prn.
& excl. pl)1
|
| |
|
|
injured4
ourselves2 3
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
c. |
pfo la1
pfo2 he3
pe4 |
he/she2
told4 himself/herself
1 |
| |
|
|
|
| |
d. |
pfo-la1
pfo-yi2 soha-ohie3
|
she1
killed3 herself
2 3 |
| |
|
|
|
| |
e.
|
ai1
ala2 ayi3
da-oie4
|
I1
beat4 myself 2
3 |
| |
|
|
|
| |
f.
|
hihi1
nila2 ni(yi)3
duno-e4
|
this1
(is) for4 yourself
2 3
|
|
