|
| Examples |
1.  -kì
mh m |
|
| my house good |
My good house |
|
|
2. n -kàkò
nmhm
|
|
| your-book not good |
your bad book |
|
|
|
|
Accusative,
Dative and Genitive cases are unmarked and they have to
be distinguished from each other on syntactic grounds as
follows : |
|
1.
Stems showing genitive relationship always occur before
a noun.
2. Accusative and Dative cases can be distinguished as
follows :
|
|
a.
If the order of words in a sentence is rigid then the first
object is always in the accusative and the second object
is in the dative.
|
|
| Examples |
-n
 lóy
c
póy
pí-chò
|
| I-nom girl the boy give-past |
| I gave the girl to the boy |
|
|
|
In
the above example, lóy
is in accusative case and póy
is in the dative case because of rigidity in the word order.
If the word order is changed meaning would be changed as
in the following example,
|
|
| -n
póy
c
lóy
p-chó
|
| I-nom boy the girl give-past |
| I gave the boy to the girl |
|
|
Sentences
where the word order is not rigid there also the first object
is in the accusative and the second in dative.
|
|
Examples
-n
rá
mp
píchó
I-nom money him give-past
I gave him money
|
|
In
the above example, first object rá
is in the accusative and the second object mp
is in the dative case, if the order is changed meaning would
be changed completely.
|
|
Examples
-n
mp
rá
pì-chò
I nom him money give-past
I gave him for money
|
|
In
the above sentence, first object mp
is in accusative case rá
which is the second object is in the dative case. Hence,
where the word order is not rigid, by changing the word
order meaning would be changed.
|
| |
3.10.3. Addition of postpostion
|
| |
In
Lotha, case relations are also expressed by postpositions.
Postpositions are those words which occur always after the
noun or noun phrase. They can also take case markers. They
need not be treated as noun as they do not take gender,
number markers and definite article is not added to them.
|
| |
3.10.3.1.
Locative Case : |
| |
This
case expresses the location of the subject and is expressed
by an adverb which function as postposition. The adverbial
form is tsh ì,
when it is added to the noun as post position, the initial
syllable °
is dropped. |
|
Examples
-n
kì
ths
ì vn-là
I-nom house-in live-pres
I live in the house, or I am in the house |
|
|
