A very productive type of noun derivation is by the
addition of person-gender-number suffixes to adjectives.
nehĩ
‘good’
nehâteņi
‘I am good person’
nehâtayi
‘we (incl) are good
persons’
nehâtomi
‘we (excl) are good
persons’
nehâti
‘you (sg) are good
person’
nehâteri
‘you (pl) are good
persons’
nehâsi
‘he is a good person’
nehâri
‘they (masc) are good
persons’
nehâyi
‘she/it is a good
person/thing’
nehâ?i
‘They (n.masc.) are good
persons/things
4.6.1.3.
By adding gender-number suffixes to the adjectival stems of the cardinal
numerals one and two, we get nouns.
ro
‘one’
ro?esi
‘one woman’
r
‘two’
ri?esi
‘two men’
The corresponding feminine forms are the cardinal numerals themselves.
roņi
‘one woman’
riņi
‘two women’
4.6.2.
Compound stems:
Compounding is a type of noun-derivation, in which two or more roots or
stems combine to act as a single morphological ucleus replaceable by a
simple noun stem.
4.6.2.
Endocentric compounds
4.6.2.1.
These consist of two constituents each. The first is a noun or an adjective
which acts as a satellite or attribute to the following noun head.
In one class of endocentric compounds both of the
constituents are attested and occur free elsewhere in the language. The
sadtellite is generally a noun in attributive position or a descriptive
adjective, eg.,
hiccu valli
‘tinder’ (lit. firestone)
kiriyâ
ni:yũ
‘honey’ (lit bees oil)
kiriyâ
me:ņa
‘bees-wax’
gatta pŗi:ka
‘insect found on dung
(lit. dung worms)’
4.6.2.2.
In the following the satelite is an adjective or a noun meaning ‘male’
or ‘female’ followed by a generic name of animal or bird, eg.,
talli ko·ru
‘she-buffalo’
sehĩ
ko·ru
‘he-buffalo’
talli koyyu
‘hen’
sehĩ
koyyu
‘rooster’
4.6.2.3.
In the following the satellite is an adjective noun meaning ‘male’ or
‘female’ derived from the root gaţ-(probably
from the Oriya word goţie
meaning ‘one’) to which are added the third person number-gender
suffixes and which when following adjectival or nominal stems form compounds
alari
gaţţasi
‘broker’
be:ţa
gaţţasi
‘hunter’
alari
gaţţa:yi
‘female broker’
be:ţa
gaţţa:yi
‘female hunter’
4.6.2.4.
A very common class of endocentric compounds consists of all those names of
plants, trees, fruits, etc. in which the first constituent is a specific
names followed by a generic name or classifier.
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