1.5.9.14.
|
/ n / is the voiced alveolar nasal. It
has the allophones [ 
] which is the voiced dental nasal, [ n ] which is
the alveolar nasal and [ ń
] which
is the palatal nasal.
|
| [ n ] occurs |
|
|
| |
|
|
| i) initially before vowels |
|
|
| [ naromi ] |
|
‘brain’ |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| ii) medially between vowels |
|
|
| [ ji:nu ] |
|
‘saddle’ |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| iii) medially in gemination |
|
|
| [ kannu ] |
|
‘eye’ |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| iv) medially in clusters |
|
|
| [ barna ] |
|
‘lines on the cobra’s head’ |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| [ ņ
] occurs |
|
|
| |
|
|
| v) before the dental stop |
|
|
| |
|
|
| [ a>de:ri ] |
|
‘darkness’ |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| [ ń
]
occurs |
|
|
| |
|
|
| vi) before the homorganic affricate |
|
|
| |
|
|
| [ pańćada:ra
] |
|
‘sugar’ |
|
1.5.9.15.
|
/
/ has the allophone [ ņ
]. |
It is the retroflex nasal. It occurs
|
| i) medially between vowels |
|
|
| [ ja:leņi ] |
|
‘sieve with big holes’ |
| |
|
|
| ii) medially before homorganic stop |
|
|
[uņ a ] |
|
‘pulley’ |
| |
|
|
| iii) medially in clusters |
|
|
| [ ja:ņwa ] |
|
‘twin’ |
|
1.5.9.16.
|
/ ń
/ has the allophone [ ń
]. |
It is the voiced velar nasal. It occurs in the environments given below.
|
| i) medially in gemination |
|
|
| [ bańńa:ra ] |
|
‘gold’ |
| |
|
|
| ii) medially before homorganic stop |
|
|
| [ ańga ] |
|
‘body’ |
| |
|
|
| iii) medially in clusters |
|
|
| [ mulńa ] |
|
‘drumstick’ |
|
1.5.9.17.
|
/ v / is a voiced labio-dental fricative. It has the allophones
[ w ] which is a voiced bilabial semi-vowel and [ v ] which is a labio-dental
fricative.
|
| [ v ] occurs in the following environments. |
|
|
| |
|
|
| i) initially before vowels |
|
|
| [ ve:hņi ] |
|
‘hot’ |
| |
|
|
| ii) initially in clusters |
|
|
| [ vra:li ] |
|
‘wither ( pr.p.)’ |
| |
|
|
| iii) medially between vowels when the vowel
succeeding is fronted |
|
|
| [ juve:ŗi ] |
|
‘yoke’ |
| [ w ] occurs |
|
|
|
|
iv)
|
medially between vowels when the vowel succeeding is back or central.
|
| [ ji:wu ] |
|
‘affection, love’ |
|
|
v)
|
medially in clusters
|
| [ sa:wka:ri ] |
|
‘money-lender’ |
|
|
vi)
|
finally |
| [ pa:w ] |
|
‘quarter of a measure’ |
|
1.5.9.18.
|
/ s / is the voiceless alveolar fricative. It has the allophones
[ s ] which is a voiceless alveolar fricative and [ ś
] which is a retroflex fricative. |
| [ s ] occurs |
|
|
| |
|
|
| i) initially before vowels |
|
|
| [ sa: so ] |
|
‘wife’s elder sister’ |
| |
|
|
| ii) initially in clusters |
|
|
| [ srińgiseppa ] |
|
‘ring worn on middle toe’ |
| |
|
|
| iii) medially between vowels |
|
|
| [ evasi ] |
|
‘he (distant)’ |
| |
|
|
| iv) medially in gemination |
|
|
| [ osso ] |
|
‘medicine’ |
| |
|
|
| v) medially in clusters |
|
|
| [ kusti ] |
|
‘wrestling’ |
| |
|
|
| vi) finally |
|
|
| [ po: lis ] |
|
‘police’ |
| |
|
|
| [ ś
] occurs |
|
|
| |
|
|
| vii) before retroflex stop |
|
|
| [ ka śţomi
] |
|
‘difficulty’ |
|
1.5.9.19.
|
/ h / has the allophone [ h ] |
| It is a glottal fricative. It occurs |
|
|
| |
|
|
| i) initially before vowels |
|
|
| [ herra ] |
|
‘fodder’ |
| |
|
|
| ii) medially between vowels |
|
|
| [ jo:ŗahà
] |
|
‘marriage messenger’ |
| |
|
|
| iii) medially in clusterrs |
|
|
| [ kehla ] |
|
‘petal’ |
|
1.5.9.20.
|
/ 1 / has the allophones [ 1 ], [ ] |
[ 1 ] is the voiced alveolar lateral. [
] is the voiced retroflex lateral |
