|
|
| ‘He ran (having
been) scared.’ |
|
mama
|
sarig
|
kiphily
|
phayanu
|
|
|
| ‘Uncle will come
back (having returned) in the evening.’ |
 ay
tha di |
| ‘Eat and go.’ |
That an action precedes
another action can be expressed not only by the participle but also
by the syntactic order of placing the verb of the preceding action
immediately after the verb of the following action. The tense marker
and other suffixes here are added to the compound verb.
|
participle
:
|
|
‘Having
come, he ate.’
|
|
|
or
|
or
|
|
order :
|
b
a-phayka
|
‘He
came and ate.’
|
|
participle :
|
phay-y augdi
|
‘Having
come, sit.’
|
|
|
or
|
or
|
|
order :
|
auk-phaydi
|
‘Come and sit.’
|
|
Note that the sequential
order of the verbs is reverse in the second type of construction.
|
| 3.2.3.1.3.
The completive participle : |
| The completive participle
indicates that the action referred to in the finite verb takes place
after the action referred to in the first verb takes place. This is
obtained by adding the suffix -khay ‘after’ to the
verb, or to the past tense morpheme. |
| This
construction is different from past participle in that the subjects
in the two sentences of a past participle formation is the same, while
they are different in a completive participial construction. However,
when -khay is added to the past tense
marker, the subject may be either same or different. |
| Examples : |
|
|
| ‘After
my father goes out, I will come.’ |
|
|
| After
I told him, he agreed.’ |
|
|
| ‘He
goes, after eating, to the field.’ |
| 3.2.3.2.
The Temporal : |
| The nonfinite verb
of the temporal clause indicates the time of action referred to by
the finite verb, reflecting the action in the second verb. This clause
is obtained by adding either ba or phuru to the verb. |
| Examples: |
|
ba:
|
nayhn-ba
|
|
kmrmykha
|
|
|
| ‘When
(I) peeped in Suba was not in the room.’ |
|
|
| ‘When
(I) come no one is at home.’ |
|
phuru
:
|
tha-phuru
|
an
|
sadi
|
|
|
| ‘Tell
me when you go.’ |
|
|
‘Fight
with them when they take tax (from you).’
|
ag-
