|
4)
|
certainty
(retain to something in the passt):
|
-ph
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
‘He
must have certainly take it.’
|
|
5)
|
certainty
(relating to something in future):
|
-kham
|
|
|
|
a
|
na-kham
|
‘I
will certainly marry.’
|
|
|
| 3.2.2.6.
The negative construction : |
| The negative is formed
by affixing the negative marker to the verb. It is placed before the
verb base in some constructions and after it in some others. |
| The negative of imperative
and hortative is formed by placing the negaative marker ta-
before the verb base. |
| Examples
: |
ta- a-di
|
‘Do
not eat.’
|
ta-a-th
|
‘Let
(him) not eat.’
|
|
|
| The negative in the
non-finite constructions is formed by placing the negative marker
-ya- after the verb-base and before the suffix of the non-finite
forms. The negative is also formed in the same way with the finite
forms. The negative marker -ya- here is followed by the tense
marker in the stative verb and in the present active verb. The regative
in the active verb in other tenses is expressed by a portmanteau morpheme
representing both tense and negation. |
| Examples : |
|
non-finite
form:
|
|
|
|
|
u-ya-wy
|
‘having
not happened’
|
|
|
a-ya-wy
|
‘having
not eaten
|
|
|
a-ya-khay
|
‘after
having not eaten’
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
stative
verbs :
|
|
|
b
|
kuphur-ya
|
‘It
is not white.’
|
b
|
klg-ya-kha
|
‘He
was not tall.’
|
am
|
ksg-ya-nu
|
‘That
will not be rotten.’
|
|
active
verbs :
|
|
|
b
|
a-ya
|
‘He
does not eat.’
|
b
|
a-liya
|
‘He
did not eat.’
|
|
|
|
b
|
c&a-glak
|
‘He
will not eat.’
|
|
|
| The existential verbs
uN-
and tN-
‘be’ are replaced by the suppletive form
kµrµy
‘not’ in the negative as already noted. The
tense marker follows kµrµy. |
| Examples: |
|
ama
|
ng
|
kµrµy
|
|
|
| ‘Mother is not
at home.’ |
|
nini
|
by
|
kµrµykha
|
|
|
| ‘you did not
have a book.’ |
sarig
|
samu
|
kµrµy-khaylE
|
phayanu
|
|
|
| ‘I will come
if there is no work in the evening.’ |
| 3.2.2.7.
The interrogative |
is formed by adding
the interrogative marker da or dE
to the verb, affirmative or negative. da occurs with
all the tenses and moods and precedes the verb in present affirmative,
and follows it in other tenses. dE
occurs after the future indicative and follows the verb.
|
la
