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3.4.3.1
/rh/ ‘a marker for present imperative’
/rá: rh/ ‘eat'
/mì hrìl rh/ ‘tell me’
/vàté thàt rh/ ‘kill a bird’
/khúo ìnhúon rh/ ‘enclose the village’
/zá:l rh/ ‘lie down’
   
3.4.3.2
/tàh/ ‘a marker for past tense’
This occurs postpositionally to simple present tense verb forms to indicate that the action took place some time in the past. It is insensitive to person, number, aspect, mood etc. Its only function is to express + past sense of the main verbs.
/kà fá:k tàh/ ‘I ate’
/á è:n tàh/ ‘he/she begged'
/í thàt tàh/ ‘you killed’
/kán zà:l tàh/ ‘we (inc.) lie down’
3.4.3.3
/tìh/ ‘a marker for future tense’
This occurs postpositionally to simple present tense verb forms to indicate that the action is going to take place some times in thr future. It is, like /tah/, insensitive to person, number, aspect, mood etc. Its only function is to express + future character of the mainverbs.
/fá: ká tìh/ ‘I will eat’
/zá:l kán tìh/ ‘we will lie down’
/èn á tìh/ ‘he/she will beg’
/hríl í tìh/ ‘you will tell’
   
3.4.3.4
/dí/ ‘another marker for future tense’
Its occurrence and function are almost like those of /thì/ just described. Its only distinction with /tìh/ is that expresses an intention to perform the particular action in the future. It could occur after any present tense verb.
To complete an expression, addition of /á nìh/ ‘it is’ is required. e.g.
/ká fà:k dí/ ‘Thing that I will eat’
/ká fá:k dì ánìh/ ‘I will eat’
/kà zá:l dí/ ‘I am going to sleep’
/ká zá:l dí á nìh/ ‘I will sleep’
/ká hrìl dí/ ‘what I will tell’
/ká hrìl dí á nìh/ ‘I will tell’
   
3.4.3.5
/bàh/ ‘a marker for past conditional’
It occurs postpositionally to /dà/ just described to indicate that there was a possibility in the past for some action to take place, but in fact, it did not take place. The following examples could be seen. For example :
/ká th bàh/ ‘I would have done’
/í hrìl dí bàh/ ‘you would have told’
/á thàt dí bàh/ ‘he would have killed’
   
3.4.3.6
/zì/ or /mè:k/ ‘a marker for present progressive’
It occurs postpositionally to present tense verbs to mark progressive aspect aspect of the verbs. For example
/kà fá:k zì/ mè:k/ ‘I am eating’
/í hríl zì/ mè:k/ ‘you are telling’
/á thát zì/mè:k/ ‘he/she is killing’
   
3.4.3.7
/là:i/ ‘a marker for past progressive’
It occurs postpositionally to present tense verb forms and is followed by /zì/ or /mè:k/ and both together mark past progressive.
/ká fà:k lái zì/mè:k/ ‘I was eating’
/í hríl lái zì/mè:k/ ‘you were telling’
/á pè:k lái zì/mè:k/ ‘he/she was giving’
   

 

 

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