| 3.4.3.1 |
/r h/
‘a marker for present imperative’ |
|
/rá:
r h/
|
‘eat' |
/mì
hrìl r h/
|
‘tell
me’ |
| /vàté
thàt rh/
|
‘kill a bird’ |
| /khúo
ìnhúon rh/
|
‘enclose the village’ |
| /zá:l
rh/
|
‘lie
down’ |
| |
|
|
| 3.4.3.2 |
/tàh/
‘a marker for past tense’ |
|
This
occurs postpositionally to simple present tense verb
forms to indicate that the action took place some time
in the past. It is insensitive to person, number, aspect,
mood etc. Its only function is to express + past sense
of the main verbs. |
| /kà
fá:k tàh/ |
‘I ate’ |
/á
 è:n
tàh/ |
‘he/she begged' |
| /í
thàt tàh/ |
‘you killed’ |
| /kán
zà:l tàh/ |
‘we (inc.) lie down’ |
|
|
|
| 3.4.3.3 |
/tìh/ ‘a
marker for future tense’ |
|
This
occurs postpositionally to simple present tense verb
forms to indicate that the action is going to take place
some times in thr future. It is, like /tah/, insensitive
to person, number, aspect, mood etc. Its only function
is to express + future character of the mainverbs. |
| /fá:
ká tìh/ |
‘I will eat’ |
| /zá:l
kán tìh/ |
‘we will lie down’ |
| /èn
á tìh/ |
‘he/she will beg’ |
| /hríl
í tìh/ |
‘you will tell’ |
| |
|
|
| 3.4.3.4 |
/dí/
‘another marker for future tense’
|
|
Its
occurrence and function are almost like those of /thì/
just described. Its only distinction with /tìh/ is that
expresses an intention to perform the particular action
in the future. It could occur after any present tense
verb. |
To
complete an expression, addition of /á nìh/ ‘it is’
is required. e.g. |
| /ká
fà:k dí/ |
‘Thing
that I will eat’ |
| /ká
fá:k dì
ánìh/ |
‘I
will eat’ |
| /kà
zá:l dí/ |
‘I
am going to sleep’ |
| /ká
zá:l dí
á nìh/ |
‘I
will sleep’ |
| /ká
hrìl dí/ |
‘what
I will tell’ |
| /ká
hrìl dí
á nìh/ |
‘I
will tell’ |
| |
|
|
| 3.4.3.5 |
/bàh/
‘a marker for past conditional’ |
|
It
occurs postpositionally to /dà/
just described to indicate that there was a possibility
in the past for some action to take place, but in fact,
it did not take place. The following examples could
be seen. For example : |
| /ká
th
dí
bàh/ |
‘I
would have done’ |
| /í
hrìl dí
bàh/ |
‘you
would have told’ |
| /á
thàt dí
bàh/ |
‘he
would have killed’ |
| |
|
|
| 3.4.3.6 |
/zì/
or /mè:k/ ‘a marker for present progressive’ |
|
It
occurs postpositionally to present tense verbs to mark
progressive aspect aspect of the verbs. For example |
| /kà
fá:k zì/
mè:k/ |
‘I
am eating’ |
| /í
hríl zì/
mè:k/ |
‘you
are telling’ |
| /á
thát zì/mè:k/ |
‘he/she
is killing’ |
| |
|
|
| 3.4.3.7
|
/là:i/
‘a marker for past progressive’ |
|
It
occurs postpositionally to present tense verb forms
and is followed by /zì/
or /mè:k/ and both together mark past progressive. |
| /ká
fà:k lái zì/mè:k/ |
‘I
was eating’ |
| /í
hríl lái zì/mè:k/ |
‘you
were telling’ |
| /á
pè:k lái zì/mè:k/ |
‘he/she
was giving’ |
| |
|
|
