| /kà
cúN-àh/ |
‘on
me’ |
/náNà
cú -àh/ |
‘on
you’ |
| /án
cùN-àh/ |
‘on
them’ |
| /ámà
cù-àh/ |
‘on
him/her’ |
| /rá:m
cú-àh,
rá:m-áh/ |
‘on
Ram’ |
| /lu
cú-àh,
lú-áh/ |
‘on
(the) head’ |
| /rán
cù-àh,
rán-áh/ |
‘on
(the animal)’ |
| /éi
cù-àh/ |
‘on
us (incl.)' |
| |
|
|
| 3.4.2.5 |
/hnú-áh/
‘after’ : /hma-ah/ ‘before’ |
|
Both
of these function words are comparable to /cú-àh/
just described except for the meaning: |
| /mìhríem
hnúáh/ |
‘after
the man’ |
| /mìhríem
hmááh/ |
‘before
the man’ |
|
|
|
| 3.4.2.6 |
/hníoi-àh/
‘under’ |
|
This
also contains an {-àh} which is
a locative suffix. This could be used post positionally
to nouns too ; i.e. |
/d :kkà:n
hnúoi-àh/ |
‘under
(the) table’ |
/ hùná
hnúoi-àh/ |
‘under
(the) chair’ |
| /thí
hnùoi-àh/ |
‘under
(the) tree’ |
| /sìtá
hnùoi-àh/ |
‘under
Sita’ |
| |
|
|
| 3.4.2.7 |
/sí:r-áh/
‘by the side of’ |
|
This
also contains an {-áh} which is
a locative suffix. This could be used post positionally
to nouns too; i.e. |
| /d:kà:n
sí:r-áh/ |
‘by
the side of the table’ |
| /ín
sì:r-àh/ |
‘by
the side of the house’ |
| /vádú
sí:r-áh/ |
‘by
the side of the river’ |
| /sìtá
sì:r-àh/ |
‘by
the side of Sita’ |
| /kà
sí:r-áh/ |
‘by
the side of me’ |
| |
|
|
| /púo-tìe-àh/ |
‘outside’, |
/vói-tìe-àh/ |
‘on
the left’ and |
| /cátíe-àh/ |
‘on
the right’ |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
All
these function words contain {-àh}
which is a locative suffix. They generally occur as
post positions after inanimate nouns. |
| /ín
pùo-tìe-àh/ |
‘outside
the house’ |
| /sìkúl
pùo-tìe-àh/ |
‘outside
of the school’ |
/vádú
v i-tìe-àh/ |
‘on
the left of the river’ |
| /lámpùi
vi-tìe-àh/ |
‘on
the left of the road’ |
| /cátíe-a
pé:t/ |
‘turn
on the right’ |
| |
|
|
|
This
also occurs as a post position to both-animate and inanimate
nouns. |
| /náupá
lèh/ |
‘with
the boy’ |
| /kéi
lèh/ |
‘with
me’ |
| |
|
|
It
may be noted that for inanimate object, the meaning
of /leh/ change into ‘and’ or ‘also’ |
/chìnèi
léh nè:ldí ch kplín
bá
á sìem/
‘lime and sand are used to make wall’ |
| 3.4.3 |
Function
Words with Verbal function |
|
There
are another set of function words in Hmar which occur
with present tense verb forms and express various manifestations
of verbs such as tense, aspect, mood etc. These words
could add some meaning to the verbs but they themselves,
in isolation, do not have any meaning. In other words,
they are not dictionary entries. Some of them have already
been described while dealing with verb-compounds. However,
a detailed discussion of some of them is presented below. |
