| 3.4.2.1 |
/ìnth3kín/
‘from’ |
|
This
seems to be combination of /ìnth k/
and /ín/. Whereas /ín/ is identifiable with the agentive
marker {-in}, it does not have any agentive role when
it occurs with /ìnth k/.
So their apparent similarity could be a fallacy.
/ìnthkín/
occurs as a post position after nouns meaning either
human or non-human, animate or inanimate to express
the same sense as expressed by ‘from’ in English; e.g. |
/délhíà
ìnth kín/
|
‘from
Delhi’ |
| /sìtá
à ìnthkín/
|
‘from Sita’ |
/na n
ìnthkín/
|
‘from you’ |
| /ráná
ìnthkín/
|
‘from (the) animal’ |
| /khúoá
ìnthkín/
|
‘from (the) village’ |
|
|
|
|
Without
the use of /ìnthkín/
ablative relationship can’t be realised. |
|
Like
the function word /ìnthkìn/
just described, this also looks like a combination of
/nè:k/ and /ìn/, with /in/ being the common element.
This is used as a post position to a noun or pronoun
with which which something is compared to : e.g. |
/bhùtán
nè:kìn hìmàli
á:n sà:-lèm/
‘the Himalaya is higher than Bhutan’
/guahati nè:kìn delhi á
lìen-lèm/
‘Delhi is bigger than Guwahati’
/thípùi
nèkìn k fì
á  hà-lèm/
‘coffee is better than tea’ |
|
|
This
is just a combination of /kuom/ and {-ah}, an allative
suffix. /kùom/ in the sense of
‘near’ has individual use and occurrence, and {-ah}
as a bound morpheme could directly be suffixed to a
noun
or to /kúom/ to express the allative case relation.
However, it is preferable to suffix {-àh} to /kúom/
when a pronoun is in allative case. The combined form
/kùomàh/ could be used post positionally to a noun also. |
| /náà
kúom-àh/ |
‘to
you’ |
| /án
kùom-àh/ |
‘to
them’ |
| /ámà
kúom-àh/ |
‘to
him/her’ |
| /Rám
kùom-àh/ |
‘to
Ram’ |
/vádú
kúom-àh or
vadu
ah/ |
‘to
the river’ |
|
|
|
In
the first three examples where there are pronouns the
use of /kuom/ as a function word is essential, it only
carries the case suffix. But in the subsequent examples
where there are nouns /kùom/ could
be optionally delated. As could be seen from above /kùom-àh/
could be used after any kind of nouns.
Individual
use and occurrence of /kúom/ could
be seen in the following examples: |
/pàthíen
kùom tlùká:r
kà há:khlà:/
(God) (near) (arrive at) (I) (eager)
‘I am eager to be near God’
/róuré:ltu: kùom à tlú/
(judge) (near) (it) (arrive)
‘(the case) came to the notice of the judge’,
that is,
‘(case) has reached the judge’
|
|
| 3.4.2.4 |
/cú-àh/
‘on’ |
|
It
is also a combination of /cú/
and {-àh}, a locative suffix. As discussed before {-àh}
alone could be suffixed to a noun to express locus of
an action, but it is preferable to suffix {-àh} to the
function word /cú/
and use the whole combination post positionally to a
pronoun; i.e |
