| 3.3.1.1 |
Verbal
Participial |
|
Hmar
manifests some kind of participials which functions
as conjunctions. Such participial are constructed by
suffixing {-ìn}, {là:i} or {-làiin},
{-pùmin} etc.
{-ìn}
When in a sentence there occur two verbs in
sequence, Hmar suffixes {-in} to the verb the action
of which procedes the other: e.g. |
/bufa:k
zo-in (or khpin) sikulah kafe:/
(rice eat) after (satisfying) (school) (I go)
‘after eating rice, I go to school’
/thu: cu hrilin a:nnui rak a/
(word) (the) (telling)(he laugh) (loud is)
‘narrating the story he laughed loudly’
/do:ka:na ha
fe:in l :mman
cu a d /
(stage at) (up) (going) (prize) (the) (he) (receive)
‘walking to the stage he received the prize’
{-la:i, -la:iin}, {-pumin} |
When
during the spell of occurrence of an action of a verb,
some other action takes place, {-la:i/-la:iin}, {-pumin}
etc. are suffixed to the verb expressing the first action.
e.g. |
/sìkúla
ìnth ká
kà húkì:r
là:iàn lèkhàbú ká hù
ci/
(school at) (from) (I) (return) (while) (book)
(I) (bring)
‘while returning from school, I brought a book’
/bù ká fà:k lài(in) ká hnùkàh
àrú:
á:ntà:/
(rice) (I) (eat) (while) (I) (throat) (at)(fist
bone) (it stuck)
‘while eating rice, a fish bone got struck up in my
throat’
/bù fá:k pùmìn ìnnúi nó: ròh/
(rice) (eat) (while) (laugh) (not) (imp)
‘while eating rice, do not laugh’ |
It
may be noted that the continuous action is indicated
by {ìn-}. |
Since
the verb system in Hmar is not inflectional, the non-finate
verbs also show no complexity. In most cases two clauses
could just be joined without affecting any change to
the finate verb of the first clause. |
| 3.3.1.2 |
A
Note On contraction Of Verb Phrase |
|
In
Hmar, some words are conveniently contracted and such
contractions have come to be accepted so such so that
they ave come to be considered as words by themselves.
Consider the sentence:
/fè:
ká tìh/ ‘I will
go’
This is a sentence expressing future intention.
The original express. íon, which
is now obsolete, would have been:
/fè: di
ká nìh/
'I will go'
(go) (furture) (I) (am) |
Similarly,
|
| /th:
ká tìh/ |
‘I
will do’ |
from |
/thdí
ká nìh/ |
| /lá:
ká tìh/ |
‘I
will take’ |
from |
/ládí
ká nìh/ |
| /tí:
í tìh/ |
‘you
will say’ |
from |
/tí
dín ì nìh/ |
| /fá:
á tìh/ |
‘he
will eat’ |
from |
/fá
dí
á nìh/ |
|
|
|
|
|
From
the above, it is seen that all verbs ending in vowels
can take the contracted form to express future intention.
However nouns ending in a consonant do not undergo such
changes. |
