Verbals
|
| 1. |
Verbs |
| |
a. |
Simple
Verbs |
| |
b. |
Complex
Verbs |
| |
c. |
Compound
Verbs |
|
|
The
verb system in Hmar is very simple. It is not inflectional
but analytical. |
|
The
simple verbs in Hmar are identical with the simple verb
roots as the verbs in Hmar do not undergo any kind of
inflection by affixation. The simple verbs are represented
by the simple presentence indicative mood verb forms. |
|
The
simple verbs in Hmar do not manifest person. For all
grammatical persons the same forms of verbs are used.
Rank distinctions like honorific, non-honorific etc.
do not exist in Hmar. |
|
The
simple verbs in Hmar do not show any gender distinction
too. Whether the subject noun is masculine or feminine
has no bearing on the verb forms. So is the case with
the object verb agreement in terms of gender. The verb
does not change even if the gender of the object noun
is changed. In other words, same forms of the verbs
are used with the subject as well as the object belonging
to either masculine or feminine gender. |
| 3.3.1.3 |
Tense,
Aspect and Mood |
|
The simple verbs in Hmar do not manifest any tense.
It have no bound morphemes or affixes to represent tense.
The same forms of the verbs occur in all tenses. Similarly
Simply verbs neither manifest aspect nor mood.In the
absence of any tense, aspect or modal affixes, the simple
verbs inveriably represent simple present tense indicative
mood verb forms. |
| 3.3.1.4 |
Table of Conjugation |
|
A
table of conjugation of some common verbs is given below
so as to understand their when they occur with subject
pronouns of different grammatical persons. |
Person
Personal th
‘do’ fà:k ‘eat’
hú
‘come’ nìh ’be’
Pronoun |
| 1p
ka/kan th
‘I do’ fà:k ‘I eat’ hú
‘I come’ hìh ‘I am’ |
2p
í/ín
th
‘you do’ fà:k ‘you' hú
‘you' nìh ‘you
eat
come’
are’ |
3p
à/àn
th
‘he/she fà:k ‘he' hú
‘he/she' nìh ‘he/she'
does’
she’
comes’
is’
‘they
are’ |
|
| 3.3.1.5 |
Transitively
of the Simply Verbs |
|
In
Hmar, some verbs are intransitive and some are mono
transitive and some are ditransitive. But this line
of divide has no bearing on the verb-forms. This, however,
is relevant in the case infection of the subject NP. |
|
The
complex verbs in Hmar are identical with the derived
verb stems. In other words, derived verb stems, without
any inflection, function as the verb forms. centrally
such verb stems are the causative verb stems derived
from simple, non-causative ones. This derivation is
a bi-directional process; {in-} is prefixed and {-tir}
is suffixed to the non-causative verb roots concurrently.
The derived verb stems behave for all partial purposes
kike simple verb roots |
