Trill
|
|
/r/ Voiced dental trill occurs in all the positions.
|
|
/r kabi/
|
‘saucer’
|
/garo/
|
‘marsh’
|
/str/
|
‘veil’
|
|
/rũ/
|
‘cotton’ |
/mnaro/ |
‘tower’ |
/pttr/
|
‘leaf’
|
|
Flap
|
|
/ /
Retroflex flap occurs in the word medial and final position.
|
|
/bio/
|
‘button’
|
|
/si/
|
‘stitch(imp.)’
|
| /pa/ |
‘camp’ |
|
/ro/ |
‘bud’
|
|
Laterals
|
/l/ Voiced dental lateral occurs in all the positions.
|
|
/lu¸/
|
‘salt’
|
/tili/
|
‘match-stick’
|
/ Òl/
|
‘drum’
|
|
/lilţ /
|
‘linen/ |
/belo/ |
‘the land on |
/ul/
|
‘stool’
|
|
|
|
the bank of
|
|
|
|
|
|
the river’
|
|
|
|
|
/ /
Retroflex flapped lateral does not occur in the initial position of the
word.
|
|
/ ai/
|
‘branch’
|
|
/ba/
|
‘wind, hair’
|
|
/thai/
|
‘metal plate’
|
|
/g/
|
‘collar’
|
|
|
Semivowels.
|
|
/w/ Labial fricationless continuant does not occur in the word final
position.
|
| |
|
/wjud/
|
‘body’
|
|
/mewo/
|
‘fruit’
|
|
/war/
|
‘times’
|
|
/jĨwi/
|
‘land’
|
|
|
/y/ Palatal frictionless continuant does not occur in the word final
position.
|
|
/y /
|
‘this’
|
|
/rIyast/
|
‘state’
|
|
/yar/
|
‘friend’
|
|
/škayt/
|
‘complaint’
|
|
|
Consonantal Length
|
|
There are three degrees of phonetic length in consonants:
|
|
(i) extra long/geminates (ii) fortis and
|
(iii) lenis
|
|
(i) Geminates:
|
|
Geminates are extra long and more fortis consonants. All the consonants
except /q, ,f,z,š,h,x,F,r,,,w,γ/
occur geminated after the vowels /I
U/ in the intervocalic position. When aspirated are geminated they are
aspirated at the final release and they are the clusters of unaspirated
and aspirated ones. Structurally geminates are treated like other clusters
of two consonants and are denotes by the doubling of the consonants.
|
|
Examples
|
|
/-pp-/
|
/kppi/
|
‘cut’
|
|
/-pph-/
|
/jpphi/
|
‘embrace’
|
|
/-bb-/
|
/khbbo/
|
‘left handed’
|
|
/-tt-/
|
/ttto/
|
‘hot’
|
|
/-tth-/
|
/ptthr/
|
‘stone’
|
|
/gUttho/
|
‘bag’
|
|
/-dd-/
|
/bdd/
|
‘rain’
|
|
|
/lUddi/ |
‘vulture’ |
|
/--/
|
/gi/
|
‘pebble’
|
|
/-h-/
|
/kho/
|
‘rivulet’
|
|
/--/
|
/ţIi/
|
‘locust’
|
|
/khUo/
|
‘cripple’
|
|
/-cc-/
|
/bcci/
|
‘daughter’
|
|
