| wo
|
 Urto
|
ayo
|
‘He
|
came
|
walking’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
| |
|
geri
|
  rti
|
gi
|
‘The
|
girl
|
went
|
in
|
fear/fearing’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
|
1 |
3 |
|
2 |
|
|
Some adjectives can occur as modifiers of the adverbs also. Examples :
|
|
hr
|
t  €
|
|
|
|
|
‘every
|
day’
|
|
|
|
| as |
in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
wo
|
hr
|
t€€
|
It
|
aw€
|
|
‘He
|
comes
|
here
|
every
|
day’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
1 |
5-6 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
| There
are certain elements in the language which can
occur with other word categories to strengthen
and emphasize their meanings so these are also
termed as emphatic particles. Most of these
particles are indeclinable. In some cases two
particles can occur together in sentence and
would denote more emphasis. The particles are
listed below with their functions.
|
|
{e~i} denotes the function as Hindi or English ‘only’ perform
i.e. exclusion of other member of a set. /e/ and /i/ are in free variation
except that /e/ is suffixed to the preceding element, where as /i/ is not.
This emphatic particle can occur with all word categories such as nominals,
adjectives, verbs and adverbs.
|
Examples are :
|
With Nouns
|
|
mero
|
put |
k r |
i |
|
‘My
|
son
|
is
|
at
|
home
|
only’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
|
3 |
4 |
|
| |
|
y
|
mero
|
put
|
i
|
|
‘He
|
is
|
my
|
son
|
only’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
| |
|
gera
|
n €
|
i
|
y
|
km
|
kIyo
|
‘The
|
boy
|
only
|
did
|
this
|
work’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
1-2 |
3 |
6 |
4 |
5 |
|
With Pronoun
|
|
hm
|
y
|
km
|
ape
|
kr
|
‘We
|
ourselves
|
only
|
shall do |
|
1
|
2
|
3 |
4-5 |
6 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
6-7 |
|
lyãga
|
|
|
|
|
this
|
work’
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Ise
|
n€
|
ya
|
gl
|
ki
|
|
‘He
|
only
|
has
|
said
|
this
|
thing’
|
|
1 2
|
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
1-3 |
2 |
7 |
6 |
4 |
5 |
|
| |
|
hũ
|
i
|
It
|
ayo
|
tho
|
‘I
|
only
|
had
|
come
|
here’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
|
| |
|
With Numerals
|
| |
|
tm
|
doe
|
km
|
krẽ
|
|
‘You
|
both
|
work’
|
/You
|
only
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
2-3 |
4-5-6 |
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
two
|
do |
work |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
5-6 |
4 |
|
|
|
| |
|
màri
|
eke/ek
|
i
|
kom
|
|
‘Ours
|
is
|
the
|
only
|
one/same
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
|
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
community’
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
trUwã
|
admIyã
|
gi
|
koe
|
‘There
|
is
|
no
|
need
|
of
|
three
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
6 |
5 |
3 |
1 |
|
| |
|
lo
|
ní
|
ek
|
i |
jor |
wgo
|
men,
|
only
|
one
|
will
|
be
|
|
5
|
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
2 |
8 |
7 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
enough’
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
care
|
j a
|
It
|
aya
|
‘Only
|
four
|
persons
|
came
|
|
1 2
|
3 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
here’
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
With Adverbs :
|
|
{i} is suffixed with certain adverbs and certain morphophonemic changes
take place.
|
