| Us |
n€ |
 u o |
khado |
tho
|
‘He
|
had
|
eaten
|
the
|
bread’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1-2 |
5 |
4 |
|
3 |
|
|
When this perfective participle form occurs with {w-} particle which is
inflected like the preceding perfective participle form marks more
definiteness of the completion of the action. For example :
|
|
|
mera
|
gera
|
s kul
|
geya
|
wa
|
|
‘My
|
sons
|
have
|
gone
|
to
|
the
|
school’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
1 |
2 |
6 |
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
| |
|
šIkari
|
n€
|
ja
|
bIchayo
|
wo
|
tho
|
‘The
|
hunter
|
had
|
spreaded
|
the
|
net’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
1-2 |
6 |
4 |
|
3 |
|
|
(iii) Progressive :
|
|
It indicates the continuity of the event. This is marked usually by the
/lg-w-/
preceded by the contingent form with or without some auxiliary form. And
also contingent forms with non-future tense auxiliaries denote the
progressive aspect. Examples are :
|
|
babo
|
km
|
kr€
|
lgo
|
wo
|
‘Father
|
is
|
working’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
|
2-3-4-5 |
|
| |
| tm |
jy
|
lga |
wa |
tha
|
‘You
|
were
|
going’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
2-3-4 |
|
|
(iv) Habitual:
|
|
It involves the recurrence of the event without reference to time. This
aspect is usually marked by /r -/
inflected following imperfective participle form and also by contingent
form followed by /w-/ ‘be’ particle with the tense auxiliary. A few
examples are :
|
|
wo
|
km
|
krto
|
r
|
‘He
|
goes
|
on
|
working’
|
|
| |
|
wa
|
km
|
krti
|
r
|
thi
|
‘She
|
used
|
to
|
do
|
the
|
work’
|
|
| |
|
wo
|
kU€
|
wo
|
tho
|
‘He
|
used
|
to
|
fight’
|
|
6. Mood
|
|
Mood denotes the relationship of the doer with the kind and manner of
action. An action may be real, desiderative, obligate, intended etc.
|
|
Following are the moods shown by the verbal forms in the language.
|
|
(i) Indicative :
|
|
This mood is related to a verb form or verb forms denoting it as an
objective fact. Examples are :
|
|
hm
|
km
|
krã
|
|
‘We
|
do
|
the
|
work’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
3-4 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
hm €
|
km
|
kIyo
|
‘We
|
did
|
the
|
work’
|
|
1-2
|
3 |
4 |
1-2 |
4 |
|
3 |
|
| |
|
hm
|
km
|
krẽ
|
lga
|
wa
|
‘We(mas.)
|
are
|
doing
|
the
|
work’
|
|
1
|
2
|
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
3-4 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
hm
|
km
|
krẽ
|
lgĩ
|
wĩ
|
‘We(fem.)
|
are
|
doing
|
the
|
work’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
|
3-4-5 |
|
2 |
|
|
(ii) Permissive :
|
|
When contingent form without any auxiliary usually with some
interrogative pronoun, then it marks seeking permission from the other.
Examples are :
|
