changes in
this process. The pattern of vowel changes besides supple ion found in
CV(C) root base are :
|
|
e ®
|
l
|
|
o ®
|
U
|
|
a ®
|
|
|
|
Examples are :
|
| Transitive |
|
Intransitive |
|
| pè- |
‘wet’ |
pÌjj-
|
‘be wet’
|
|
dekh-
|
‘see’
|
dIss-
|
‘be seen’
|
|
to -
|
‘break’
|
 U-
|
‘be broken’
|
|
ţor-
|
‘move’
|
Ur-
|
‘be moved, walk’
|
|
ro-
|
‘flow’
|
rU-
|
‘be flown’
|
|
mo-
|
‘turn’
|
mU- |
‘be turned’
|
|
ca-
|
‘build’ |
c-
|
‘be built’
|
|
|
Syntactically these derived intransitives are treated as passive
because the object of these transitive verbs occur as the subject in the
intransitive verb :
|
|
Examples are :
|
|
hũ
|
phUl
|
dekhũ
|
|
‘I
|
see
|
the
|
flowers’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
3-4 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
phUl
|
dIssẽ
|
|
‘The
|
flowers
|
are
|
seen’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
|
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
| |
|
m
|
ptthr
|
toyo
|
‘I
|
broke
|
the
|
stone’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
ptthr
|
ţUţyo
|
‘The
|
stone
|
broke’
|
| 1 |
2 |
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
Transitive are those verbs which take object/objects. In the language
there are two types of transitive verbs. One type takes one object and the other takes objects-one a
direct object and another an indirect object. Objects in the transitive
verbs can occur with or without /na~ a/
postposition marking object case but in the intransitive verbs the
indirect object will always occur with the /na~a/
postposition and the direct object occurs without any postposition.
|
|
|
|
Examples are :
|
|
m
|
wo
|
 Iho
|
‘I
|
saw
|
him’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
hm
|
tm a
|
dekhã
|
‘We
|
may
|
see
|
you’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
1 |
|
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
hm
|
tma
|
dekhã
|
|
‘We
|
are
|
seeing
|
you’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
|
3-4 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
m
|
uo
|
khado
|
‘I
|
ate
|
bread’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
m
|
mcchi
|
pgi
|
‘I
|
caught
|
the
|
fish’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
hũ
|
tInna
|
mk |
dyũgo
|
‘I
|
shall
|
give
|
maize
|
to
|
you’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
|
3 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
gera
|
n€
|
Usna
|
kItab
|
dItti
|
‘The
|
boy(ag.)
|
gave
|
him
|
the
|
book’ |
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5
|
|
1-2 |
5 |
3 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Causative verbs are those verbs which have one agentive as the
instigator causing the event and it occurs as the grammatical subject. The
other agentive is the actual performer of the action in case of animate
nouns. There is another type of agent which takes another intermediate
agent. In this language intermediate
|
